利用机械球磨法通过加入复合表面活性剂制备粒径分布均匀的活性Bi2O3微/纳米粉体,以浆体形式加入天然胶乳中,制备具有良好力学强度及γ射线防护性能的活性Bi2O3/橡胶复合材料.采用激光粒度分析仪、XRD、荧光(PL)、FT-IR、SEM、电子万能试验机、NaI(Tl)探测仪等方法对粒子的化学组成、粒径分布和光致发光以及复合橡胶的力学性能、γ射线辐射防护特性做了分析和表征.结果表明,以酪素为主的双子季铵盐/PVP复合表面修饰得到的活性Bi2O3粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为120nm,分散稳定性良好,其复合橡胶对241Am为点源的59.5keV的γ射线屏蔽率可达23.97％,力学强度显著高于未添加活性Bi2O3的纯天然橡胶.%By adding different surfactants and using mechanical milling method, in this study, we prepared the activated Bi2O3 microano powder with uniform particle size distribution, and then added them into natural rubber latex in the form of slurry to prepare the activated Bi2O3/rubber composites with good mechanical prop-erties and γ-ray protective performance. Using the laser particle size analyzer, XRD, fluorescence(PL), FT-IR, SEM, electronic universal testing machine, Naf(Tl) detectors, this study analyzed and characterized the chemi-cal composition of the particles, particle size distribution, light-induced luminescence, the mechanical properties of composite rubber and γ-ray protective performance. The results showed the activated Bi2O3 particles modi-fied by casein-based composite surfactants has average particle size of 120nm and good dispersion stability; the γ-ray shielding rate of activated Bi2 O3 /rubber composite increased to 23. 97% at 241 Am point source of 59. 5keV γ-ray, the mechanical strength was significantly higher than those natural rubber without adding activated Bi2O3.
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