石墨烯-氧化锌纳米棒复合材料的超声法制备及其光催化性能

摘要

In this work,expanded graphite was prepared from natural flake graphite with concentrated nitric acid.Zinc processed by mechanical milling and expanded graphite were dispersed in the distilled water and etha-nol.Then,they were processed via ultrasonic of 30 kHz by eight hours to synthesize series of composites,con-sisting of ZnO nanorod and graphene(ZnO/G)with an excellent structure.The influence of different proportion of zinc and expanded graphite on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO/G composites was studied.The photocata-lysts were characterized by XRD,Raman,SEM,TEM and UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy.The results re-vealed that ZnO synthesized by ultrasonic was short rod-like with the wurzite hexagonal structure and grows on the surface of graphene equably.The diameter of ZnO nanorod was about 20 nm.The degradation rate of meth-yl-orange by ZnO/G composites prepared by different proportions varied greatly.The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/G composites was prior to ZnO when the content of zinc in reactant was 1 .0 g.%以鳞片石墨为原料，用浓硝酸对其插层后膨胀制备出膨胀石墨，以滚压振动磨预处理的超细微锌粉为锌源，以蒸馏水和无水乙醇作为分散剂，经30 kHz的超声波处理8 h 即得到复合结构良好的石墨烯-氧化锌纳米棒复合光催化剂(ZnO/G)，考察了锌粉和膨胀石墨不同比例对复合材料光催化性能的影响。采用 X 射线衍射仪(XRD )、激光拉曼仪(Ra-man)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱分析仪(UV-Vis)等测试手段对复合光催化剂进行表征，结果表明，复合材料中的氧化锌纳米棒呈现出六方晶系纤锌矿结构，并均匀覆盖在石墨烯表面上，其直径大约为20 nm。不同比例制得的复合材料对甲基橙的降解效率差别较大，其中锌粉为1.0 g时，复合材料的光催化性能明显优于等量的氧化锌纳米棒材料。