无患子优良单株的综合评选

摘要

Using Sapindus mukurossi extracting saponins and producing biodiesel is the one of the hot areas in biomass resources in -dustry at present.In order to select the Sapindus mukurossi superior individual suitable for marketization.122 plus trees which come from 9 provinces have been investigated ,measured and analyzed main economic traits for the preliminary screening of 61 plus trees, the results show that various economic traits of different origin plus tree have obvious difference ,even different trees in the same are-a,the main economic traits also is different.The saponins yield in sarcocarp and the oil yield in seed kernel both the most important economic traits for Sapindus mukurossi,and they are no remarkable relevant relations.The saponins yield in sarcocarp above the aver-age of 31 plus trees and oil yield in seed kernel above the average of 29 plus trees were analyzed by cluster analysis ,Check out 13 strains plus trees such as Guangxi Liuzhou 108#that saponins yield in sarcocarp and oil yield in seed kernel were higher than the o-verall average plus trees 12.70%and 10.08%.Application of grey correlation analysis the effect of saponins yield in sarcocarp and oil yield in seed kernel of Sapindus mukurossi from the factors such as tree′s age,height,diameter,crown area and the annual mean temperature,annual precipitation,altitude in the regional of plus tree.The altitude,age,tree′s height and annual mean temperature have higher correlation with the saponins yield in sarcocarp of Sapindus mukurossi.And crown area,altitude,tree′s height and annual mean temperature have higher correlation with the oil yield of the seed kernel of Sapindus mukurossi.%为筛选出适合产业化利用的无患子优良单株，调查了9省区的122株优良单株，并对初步筛选的61株优良单株的主要经济性状进行测定与分析。结果表明：不同产地优良单株的各种经济性状均存在明显差异，即便是在同一省域同一地区的不同优良单株，其主要经济性状也存在差异。果肉皂苷产出率和种仁含油率是无患子最为重要的经济性状，二者之间不存在显著相关关系。通过对果肉皂苷产出率在平均水平之上的31株优良单株和种仁含油率在平均水平之上的29株优良单株进行聚类分析，复选出广西柳州108＃等13株平均果肉皂苷产出率和种仁含油率分别较总体平均水平高出12.70％和10.08％的优良单株。采用灰色关联度分析法分析树龄、树高、胸径、冠幅面积以及优良单株所处区域的年平均气温、年降水量、海拔高度等因素对无患子果肉皂苷产出率和种仁含油率的影响，发现优良单株所处地区的海拔高度、树龄、树高和年平均气温这4因素与果肉皂苷产出率联系较为紧密，而与种仁含油率关联较为紧密的因素则是优良单株的冠幅面积、所处地区的海拔高度、树高和年平均气温。