油茶饼粕生物炭和有机肥对土壤酶活性的影响

摘要

In order to explore the impact of biochar and organic fertilizer on the activities of several enzyme in soil and provide theoretic basis for soil fertilization,red soil(RS)and purple soil(PS)were collected from Fujian Province,and 12 treatments by amending biochar(B),organic fertilizer(OF)or both,separately.All the soil samples were incubated in the indoor at 25 ℃.Result showed that all treatments had significantly promotive effects on the activities of urease,invertase and acid phosphatase on red soil and purple soil at earlier stage.The activities of three soil enzymes increased first and then decreased.At the end of the incuba-tion,on the red soil,effects on activity of urease were in the decreasing order of RS+B300 ℃＞RS+B300 ℃+OF＞RS+B600 ℃＞RS+OF＞RS+B600 ℃+OF＞RS.The activities of invertase in RS+B300 ℃ and RS+B300 ℃+OF were significant higher than other treatments.The activity of acid phosphatase in RS+OF was the highest with considerable difference compared to other treatments while the treatment of RS+B600 ℃ had slight inhibitory effects on the acid phosphatase activity.On the purple soil,PS+B600 ℃and PS+B600 ℃+OF had small positive effects on urease activity.PS+B300 ℃+OF was the highest with remarkable difference compared to other treatments.The effect on acid phosphatase activity was in the decreasing order of PS+OF＞PS+B300℃+OF＞PS+B300 ℃＞PS+B600 ℃+OF＞PS＞PS+B600 ℃.Adding 300 ℃ biochar and organic fertilizer had great promotive effects on the soil enzymatic activities.The nutrient elements analysis showed the promotive effect of biochar was dramatically higher than organic fertilizer in the content of soil total carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and pH value.The statistical analysis showed that the main factors affecting red soil and purple soil enzyme activities were soil organic matter and dissolved organic carbon.%研究不同温度生物炭和有机肥对土壤主要酶活性的影响,为提高土壤肥力和合理施肥提供科学依据.采用室内培养方法,以福建油茶林红壤(RS)和紫色土(PS)为研究对象,设置单独添加生物炭(B)、单独添加有机肥(OF)与混合添加生物炭和有机肥处理,共12个处理.测定土壤中的脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性的动态变化过程.结果表明:培养初期,各施肥处理对红壤和紫色土中的酶活性有较强的激发效应,3种酶活性随培养时间呈先上升然后下降的趋势; 培养结束后,红壤中不同处理的脲酶活性从高往低为RS+B300 ℃＞RS+B300 ℃+OF＞RS+B600 ℃＞RS+OF＞RS+B600 ℃+OF＞RS.在红壤蔗糖酶中,RS+B300 ℃和RS+B300 ℃+OF处理的土壤酶活性最高,并且与其他处理差异显著(P＜0.05).RS+OF对促进红壤酸性磷酸酶的效果最好,而RS+B600 ℃对土壤酸性磷酸酶有轻微的抑制作用.在紫色土中,PS+B600 ℃和PS+B600 ℃+OF对脲酶活性的促进效果不明显,PS+B300 ℃+OF对促进蔗糖酶的效果较好.在紫色土中,不同处理的酸性磷酸酶活性从高往低为PS+OF＞PS+B300 ℃+OF＞PS+B300 ℃＞PS+B600 ℃+OF＞PS＞PS+B600 ℃.添加300 ℃生物炭和有机肥对红壤和紫色土的3种酶活性有显著促进作用.养分元素分析结果表明:添加生物炭比添加有机肥更能提高土壤全碳、全氮、全磷含量和pH值.统计分析结果表明:有机质和可溶性有机碳是影响红壤和紫色土酶活性的主要因子.