中低温煤焦油重油正庚烷萃余物的反应(甲醛)分离与分析

摘要

The n-heptane extraction residue ( H-CT) from heavy medium and low temperature coal tar made in northern Shaanxi by n-heptane was reacted with formaldehyde. The product ( P) was divided into n-heptane soluble ( HS-P ) , n-heptane insoluble but toluene soluble ( HI-TS-P ) , toluene insoluble but quinoline soluble ( TI-QS-P) and quinoline insoluble ( QI-P) . The structure and composition of P were analyzed by means of GC-MS, TG-FTIR and FT-IR. The results show that P has more contents of TI-QS-P, oxygen atoms and a higher C/H atom ratio comparing with H-CT. The contents of HS-P, HI-TS-P, TI-QS-P and QI-P are 11. 63％, 26. 42％, 57. 08％ and 4. 88％, respectively. HS-P and HI-TS-P contain mainly neutral components ( mainly aromatics) , few acidic components ( mainly phenols) , and some heteroatom compounds including O, N, S. TI-QS-P, with highly thermal stability, is rich in carbonyl groups, methylene bridge bonds and fused ring aromatic compounds. Besides, it also contains phenolic hydroxyl groups and aromatic ring substitutes.%以陕北中低温煤焦油重油为原料,采用正庚烷溶剂萃取得到煤焦油正庚烷萃余物(H-CT)并与甲醛反应,通过溶剂萃取法将反应后产物(P)分为:正庚烷可溶物(HS-P)、正庚烷不溶甲苯可溶物(HI-TS-P)、甲苯不溶喹啉可溶物(TI-QS-P)和喹啉不溶物(QI-P).借助GC-MS、FT-IR、TG-FTIR等分析手段,对P的结构组成进行了表征.结果表明,与H-CT相比,P中TI-QS-P组分和氧原子的含量较多,C/H原子比较高;HS-P、HI-TS-P、TI-QS-P和QI-P的含量分别为11.63％、26.42％、57.08％和4.88％;HS-P和HI-TS-P均以中性组分(以芳烃为主)为主,酸性组分(以酚类为主)含量较少,其余为含O、N、S等杂原子化合物;TI-QS-P富集了羰基、亚甲基桥键及稠环芳香化合物,且含酚羟基及芳环取代物,具有较高的热稳定性.