建鲤、黄河鲤杂交后代微卫星标记多态性及其与体质量的关联性

摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between diversity of microsatellite loci with common carp cross F1. 25 microsatellite loci were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 2×2 full diallel cross of common carp(Cyprinus carpio) population and body weight variation among different genotypes. The result showed that the number of alleles ranged from 5.08 to 6.08. Effective numbers of alleles ranged from 1.4 to 6.8, PIC were from 0.42 to 0.49. The average expected heterozygosity value was ranged from 0.47 to 0.55. The highest genetic similarity index that came from the populations of Hh and Hj was 0.9795. The UPG MA trees based on genetic distance demonstrated that Huanghe carp was genetically near to Huanghe carp ♂xJian carp♀. The association between these microsatellite loci and body weight was analyzed by least square linear model. The results showed that significant differences were detected between different genotypes of purebred carps on the HLJ13 locus. Compared to this, this difference was only found in Jian purebred group of Koi42. AA genotype of Koi42 was the most favorable one, while the Hj and JH combinations had higher body weight than that of their parents' pure breds. The study provis the foundation for molecular assistant selection of common carp in the future.%为了解微卫星标记多样性与鲤杂交F1体质量的关联性,本研究以2个品种鲤(Cyprinus carpio)(建鲤、黄河鲤)双列杂交F1的4个群体为实验材料,应用25对微卫星引物进行遗传多样性分析,并检测不同基因型间体质量的差异.实验结果显示,不同组合单个位点的等位基因数为5.08～6.08,有效等位基因数为1.4～6.8,平均观测杂合度为0.62～0.77,平均期望观测杂合度为0.47～0.55,平均PIC为0.42～0.49.4个鲤群体中,黄河鲤纯繁群体(Hh)和黄建杂交群体(Hj)间的遗传相似性系数最大(0.979 5).基于Nei's遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统树显示,黄河鲤纯繁群体(Hh)和黄建杂交群体(Hj)亲缘关系最近.采用最小二乘法分析微卫星座位与体质量的关联性发现,HLJ13位点在纯繁组合不同基因型之间都检测到了显著性差异,Koi42位点只在建鲤纯繁组合内检测到基因型之间的差异；除此之外,只有Koi42AA型检测到的体质量值在杂交组合Hj和Jh中显著高于亲本建鲤和黄河鲤自繁组合.以上结果提示Koi42位点可能与杂种优势相关,这为下一步分子标记辅助选育奠定了基础.