中华鲟全人工繁殖技术研究

摘要

中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)在人工驯养条件下性腺发育并最终成熟是突破中华鲟全人工繁殖技术的关键环节,有效的养殖模式对促进中华鲟性腺发育成熟、提前成熟以及实现雌雄同步成熟具有非常重要的作用.本研究在不同养殖模式(水温和营养调控)下对中华鲟性腺发育状况进行长期观测.结果显示,中华鲟在仿自然变温或恒温的养殖环境中,性腺均可发育至III期.采用配合饲料、饲料中添加鲜活鱼或冰鲜鱼以及仅用鲜活鱼或冰鲜鱼饲喂,均能够使部分中华鲟性腺发育启动,但添加鲜活鱼或冰鲜鱼组性腺发育启动的比例较高,其中,有3尾中华鲟性腺达 IV期.成功对性腺发育至IV期的1尾雌鲟(12龄,体质量57 kg)和1尾雄鲟(14龄,体质量64 kg)实施了人工催产和授精,采获卵6.25万粒,精液2850 mL,受精率为60.1%(36.3%~80.4%).在(19.3±0.2)℃下经过约125 h,仔鱼大量孵出,获初孵仔鱼2.3万余尾.此次中华鲟全人工繁殖技术研究的有效尝试可为今后养殖中华鲟的规模化繁育提供借鉴.%Sexual maturity is a critical step to breakthrough of controlled reproduction of cultured Chinese stur-geon(Acipenser sinensis). The suitable breeding management strategy will be beneficial to promoting the matura-tion progress of cultured Chinese sturgeon and to synchronous spawning of female and male. In this study, we observed the gonadal development of 250 cultured Chinese sturgeon (ages:12–15 years old, total length:175–286 cm, body weight: 34.6–125.3 kg) under different water temperature profiles(natural water temperature or near-constant temperature) and different feeds(formula feed, live fish or iced fish+formula feed, live fish or iced fish). The result showed that gonadal development could reach stage III under natural water temperature or a near-constant temperature. The gonadal development could reach stage III or IV in Chinese sturgeons fed with different types of diets, however the feed added live or iced fish is better for development from stage II to IV than the feeds with only single source. Controlled propagation was then successfully conducted with one female (12 years old with 57 kg body weight) and one male(14 years old with 64 kg body weight). A total of 62 500 eggs and 2 850 mL milt were obtained and 23 000 hatching-out larvae were finally produced after 125 h under (19.3±0.2)℃. The average fertilized rate was 60.1%with the range from 36.3%to 80.4%. The elementary research on breeding regulations of brood stocks will contribute to further large-scale production of cultured Chinese sturgeon.