美国经济政策的两难困境

摘要

在全球化背景下，美国经济政策面对两难境地：一方面经济增长迟缓，失业率居高不下，需要继续实行扩张性政策，以刺激经济复苏；另一方面，预算赤字和政府债务不断扩大，需要尽快实施紧缩性政策，尤其是紧缩性财政政策，以恢复市场信心。美国经济政策摆脱困境的途径有两条：一是松紧搭配，即在紧缩预算的同时，继续实施扩张性货币政策以刺激经济增长；二是首先采取紧缩性政策，恢复市场信心，然后再实施扩张性政策。在此之前，必须扩大对发展中国家的服务出口，以实现再平衡。%In the background ofglobalization, the economic policy of U.S. is in dilemma： on one hand, the slow economic growth and high unemployment rate need expansion policies; on the other hand, the increasing budget deficit and government debt require tightening policies to rebuild the market confidence. Two way to get ride of the dilemma： first, combination of tightening and loosening policies, that is imply expansion policies to stimulate economy which reduce finance budget; second, imply tightening policy at the first step and then turn to expansion polices. Alaead ofthe above mentioned polices, the U.S. should expand the service export to developing countries to achieve rebalance.