珠江三角洲小菜蛾区域性引诱剂的研制及诱集效应研究

摘要

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella L．是为害十字花科蔬菜的世界性大害虫。小菜蛾的综合防治技术中,昆虫信息素技术因其安全无污染的特点受到人们的关注,但由于市售性诱剂在不同蔬菜种植区的诱蛾效果存在明显差异,严重制约了该技术的推广和应用。因此,本研究开展珠江三角洲区域针对性小菜蛾引诱剂研制及田间诱集效应的研究。研究结果表明,小菜蛾合成性信息素组分顺-11-十六碳烯醛( Z11-16： Ald),顺-11-十六碳烯乙酸酯( Z11-16： Ac)与顺-11-十六碳烯醇( Z11-16：OH)均能引起小菜蛾雄成虫触角产生电生理反应。田间诱集效应试验表明,小菜蛾合成性信息素组分Z11-16：Ald, Z11-16：Ac和Z11-16：OH在诱芯中比例为30∶70∶0．1,剂量为100．1μg时的田间诱蛾效果最好,与已报道性诱剂配方50∶50以及70∶30∶1相比较,诱蛾效果增加了28%-38．1%和65．1%-66．9%,明显提高了小菜蛾引诱剂的田间诱蛾效果。适用于珠三角地区的区域性小菜蛾引诱剂的研制与应用,有望在小菜蛾地区针对性害虫生态调控技术中发挥重要作用。%The diamondback moth ( DBM) , Plutella xylostella ( L. ) ( Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the most important pests of cruciferous crops throughout the world, particularly serious in the southern China. Some achievements of ecological control to pests by sex pheromones have been obtained, but trapping efficiency for the same kinds of attractant has significant differences in some planting areas, which could seriously inhibit its application widely. The major female sex pheromone components of DBM are ( Z)-11-hexadecenal ( Z11-16:Ald ) , ( Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate ( Z11-16:Ac ) and ( Z)-11-hexadecenol ( Z11-16:OH) . The EAG results showed that three components can elicit electroantennogram ( EAG) responses of DBM. To develop effective attractants of DBM to be applicable in South China, field trials were conducted in cruciferous vegetable fields in the Pearl River Delta. The results showed that the traps baited with a red rubber septum impregnated with 100. 1μg of synthetic sex pheromones ( a mixture of Z11-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:OH at a ratio of 30∶70∶0. 1 ) have a stronger attraction to male DBM. It enhanced male catches by 28% -38. 1% and 65. 1% -66. 9%, respectively, compared with the traps with reported formulations ( synthetic sex pheromones of Z11-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:OH at a ratio of 50∶50 and 70∶30∶1 ) during the whole trapping period. The studies would be expected to make it possible to develop more efficient regional attractant of DBM applicable in the Pearl River Delta, and may provide more effective technnique for monitoring and controlling this insect pest.