中国森林鸟类繁殖季和越冬季分布格局及其影响因子

摘要

基于我国2376个县域单元的森林鸟类分布数据，分析了繁殖季和越冬季森林鸟类丰富度分布格局，并采用多元统计模型分析了2个季节的鸟类空间分布与环境因子之间的关系。结果显示，在喜马拉雅山脉东南段、横断山、秦岭、岷山、邛崃山、西双版纳、桂西南山区和桂西－黔南地区、巫山以及南岭广东北部地区2个季节的鸟类丰富度均较高；在小兴安岭、长白山、太行山以及山东和江苏沿海地区繁殖季鸟类丰富度较越冬季显著增加，而在广东及云南南部区域越冬季鸟类丰富度较繁殖季显著增加。繁殖季降水量、繁殖季净初级生产力和繁殖季温度变化对2个季节鸟类丰富度分布格局均有显著影响。此外，反映季节环境特征的季节内环境因子比反映年周期环境特征的年度环境因子在解释2个季节的鸟类丰富度分布格局方面有更高的解释度。生产力假说、水分假说和环境稳定性假说对2个季节鸟类丰富度分布格局的解释能力较强。%Based on 2 376 county⁃level forest birds distribution data available in China, analysis was done of distribution patterns of abundance of forest birds in breeding and wintering seasons and relationships between spatial distribution of the birds and environmental factors in the two seasons, using a multivariate statistical model. Results show that the regions of the southeastern section of the Himalaya, Hengduanshan, Qinling, Minshan, Qionglaishan, Xishuangbanna, the moun⁃tainous area in Southwest Guangxi, West Guangxi⁃South Guizhou, Wushan and Nanling in North Guangdong are all quite high in bird abundance. In the regions of the Xiao Hinggan Mountains, Changbai Mountains and Taihang Mountains, bird a⁃bundance is obviously higher in the breeding season than in the wintering season, while in the regions like Guangdong and South Yunnan, it goes reversely. Precipitation, temperature range and net primary productivity are the major factors influen⁃cing distribution of bird abundance in the two seasons. In addition, the seasonal environmental factors reflecting features of the seasonal environment explain the distribution patterns in the two seasons better than the annual environmental factors re⁃flecting features of the annual environment. The productivity hypothesis, water⁃balance hypothesis and environmental stability hypothesis may better explain the distribution patterns of the forest bird abundance in the two seasons.