水力空化联合臭氧氧化灭藻技术的实际应用

摘要

Based on laboratory research and pilot experiments, an industrial water treatment system combining ozonation with hydrodynamic cavitation has been developed to remove algae from eutrophicated waterbodies. A comparative study was performed to compare the technologies of"complex cavitation/ozone","extrusion cavitation/ozone","suction cavitation/ozone","ozonation alone" and "orifice plate aperture" in water treatment efficiency, relative to chlorophyll a, UV254 , COD and NH3-N contents and turbidity in treated water. Meanwhile, comparison was done between"complex cavitation/o-zone" and "ozone alone" in some economic and technological indices, such as ozone utilization rate and net purification rate per unit of ozone and energy consumed. Results show that the technology of "complex cavitation/ozone" reached 44. 5% and 88. 9% in chlorophyll removal rate and 0. 89 and 1. 78 kW·h·m-3 in per unit energy consumption, respec-tively, during the period of stable discharge, when operated at 10 or 5 m3 ·h-1 . Moreover, the indices of turbidity, UV254 and COD all dropped significantly. The two technologies were also found better than the others in the other economic and technical indices. Therefore, it is concluded that the"hydrodynamic cavitation/ozone" system can be applied to quick and effective elimination of algae and chlorophyll, suppression of algal blooms, and reduction of ecological damage and eco-nomic losses that may be caused by algal blooms and dead algae.%在小试和中试试验的基础上,研制了一套水力空化联合臭氧灭藻及净化富营养化水体的工业化水处理系统.在工程运行中,比较了优化条件下复合空化-臭氧、正压空化-臭氧、抽吸空化-臭氧和单独臭氧氧化工艺以及孔板孔径对水体中叶绿素a、浊度、UV254、COD以及氨氮等的处理效果.同时,还对复合空化-臭氧和单独臭氧氧化工艺的臭氧利用率、臭氧和单位能耗的净化效率等经济技术指标进行了比较.结果表明,采用复合空化-臭氧工艺在10或5 m3·h-1处理能力下稳定出水期叶绿素a平均去除率分别达44.5%和88.9%,单位能耗分别为0.89和1.78 kW·h·m-3.同时,浊度、UV254及COD等指标均明显下降,其他各项经济技术指标也均显著优于单独臭氧氧化工艺.因此,利用水力空化-臭氧工艺能快速有效灭藻并去除叶绿素,遏制水华产生,减少因水华爆发及藻死亡引起的生态破坏和经济损失.