沼液化肥配施对旱地红壤花生养分吸收分配和产量的影响

摘要

Biogas slurry ( BS) , derived from pig dung and urine, was applied in a upland field of red soil in Yujiang of Jiangxi in a field experiment to explore effects of BS on yield, biomass and N, P accumulation at each growth stage, as well as fertilizer recovery rate of peanut. All the treatments, except CK,were the same in total N, P2 O5 and K2 O input ( 120-90-135 kg·hm-2 ) . Results show that the peanut responded significantly in yield to combined application of BS and chemical fertilizer( CF) , regardless of rate,with an increment of 44�50%-55�70% and 10�80%-19�40% as compared to CK and Treatment NPK, respectively. And Treatment BS30 was the highest in yield, reaching 3 588 kg · hm-2 . Correlation analysis reveals that the relationship between yield( y) and BS input( x) fitted the equation of y=-1�136 5x2+59�112x+2 988�3(R2=0�98, P<0�01). Treatment BS30 was 7�29%-56�69%, 11�24%-100�44% and 9�33%-62�17% higher in plant biomass accumulation, 16�58%-77�53%, 4�99%-113�74% and 1�81%-58�58% higher in plant N accumulation and 4�99%-113�74%, 3�06%-127�18% and 12�56%-62�17%, higher in plant P accumulation than all the other treatments at the flowering, pod⁃bearing and harvesting stages, respectively. Besides, Treatment BS30was 3�27%-23�89% and 2�72%-19�34%, too, in ratio of total N and total P in grains to total biomass N and P. Obvi⁃ously, when biogas slurry is applied at 30% of the total N input, the crop will take up more readily available N and P from the soil at the flowering, pod⁃bearing and harvesting stages, while transporting more plant⁃absorbed N and P to grains. So the practice will significantly increase yield of the peanut crop and N and P recovery rates of the plants at various growth stages. It is, therefore, held that the practice is worth popularizing in red soil areas for peanut production.%为明确最佳沼液化肥配施比例下旱地红壤花生产量、各生育期生物量积累变化规律及其对氮、磷养分吸收的规律，通过田间定位试验研究了相同N－P2O5－K2O（120－90－135 kg·hm－2）施用量条件下，不同沼液还田量（以总氮计）对花生各生育期生物量积累，氮、磷养分吸收以及产量的影响。结果表明，沼液还田处理产量较不施肥和单施化肥分别显著增加44�50％～55�70％和10�80％～19�40％，当沼液还田比例（以总氮计）达30％时产量最高，为3588 kg·hm－2。相关分析发现沼液还田量（以总氮计，x）与花生产量（y）呈极显著相关，回归方程为 y＝－1�1365x2＋59�112x＋2988�3（ R2＝0�98， P＜0�01）。当沼液还田比例（以总氮计）达30％时，开花期、结荚期和收获期生物量积累较其他处理分别增加7�29％～56�69％、11�24％～100�44％和9�33％～62�17％；氮积累量分别增加16�58％～77�53％、4�99％～113�74％和1�81％～58�58％；磷积累量分别增加4�99％～113�74％、3�06％～127�18％和12�56％～62�17％。同时，该处理收获期籽粒中全氮、全磷积累量占总生物量总氮、总磷积累量的比例较其他处理分别提高3�27％～23�89％和2�72％～19�34％。可见，沼液还田比例（以总氮计）达30％时，一方面提高了开花期、结荚期和收获期植株对土壤中速效氮、磷的吸收，另一方面促进了收获期植株所吸收氮、磷向籽粒中的转移。因此，30％的沼液还田比例（以总氮计）显著提高了花生产量、各生育期生物量积累和植株对土壤中氮、磷的吸收利用，适宜在旱地红壤花生产区推广。