《生物多样性公约》框架下描述具有重要生态或生物学意义的海洋区域的进程与展望

摘要

受人类活动以及气候变化影响,海洋生物多样性面临严重威胁,为保护和合理利用海洋资源,2008年《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第9次会议通过了在开阔洋水域和深海生境描述具有重要生态或生物学意义的海洋区域(EBSAs)的科学标准.2010年,《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第10次会议决定召开一系列区域性研讨会,利用上述标准在全球范围内开展EBSAs描述.回顾了EBSAs的诞生背景与进程,概括了区域性EBSAs研讨会以及可持续海洋倡议研讨会对EBSAs描述所取得的成果.最后,展望了EBSAs进程下一步工作并提出了我国应采取的应对措施,以切实维护我国的海洋权益,促进我国海洋生物多样性的保护与可持续利用.%Affected by human activities and climate change,the marine biodiversity is confronted with severe threats.In order to protect and rationally utilize the marine resources,the ninth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was convened in 2008 and adopted the scientific criteria for demarcating Geologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) in open-sea waters and deep-sea habitats.In 2010,COP 10 decided to convene a series of regional workshops to unfold demarcation of EBSAs,all over the globe in line with the above-mentioned criteria.A review was presented to introduce background and processes of the development of the EBSAs and summed up achievements the series of regional EBSAs workshops and the Sustainable Ocean Initiative (SOI) Workshop have made.In the end,works of the next step of EBSAs are discussed and countermeasures China should take in response are brought forth,so as to protect practically the marine rights & interests,and to promote the conservation and sustainable utilization of the marine biological diversity of the country.