内蒙古某地区饮用水砷含量与人体暴露及致癌风险分析

摘要

Seasonal variation of arsenic concentrations is critical for arsenic exposure assessment and related health risks assessment.An endemic arsenism area in Inner Mongolia caused by exposure to arsenic in drinking water was selected as the study area.The arsenic concentrations in drinking water for different seasons were determined.The exposure doses of arsenic through direct ingestion,indirect ingestion and dermal contact were estimated.Moreover,the carcinogenic health risk was assessed.The results show that the average intake of arsenic for male and female in the study area were 1.80 and 1.89 μg · kg-1 · d-1,while the corresponding values in control area were both 0.08 μg · kg-1 · d-1.The intake of arsenic from dermal contact for male and female in the study area were 8.89×10-4 and 1.10×10-3 μg · kg-1 · d-1,while the values were 4.18×10-5 and 4.93×10-5 μg · kg-1 · d-1 in control area.More than 99.93％ of the total intake of arsenic were from ingestion pathway.Moreover,the total arsenic exposure dose from summer and winter accounts for more than 89.04％ of the whole year.Carcinogenic health risks of males and females in the endemic area were 3.75× 10-5 and 3.67× 10-5 a-1,respectively.It can be concluded that the intake of arsenic through ingestion pathway was the dominate exposure pathway of arsenic in drinking water.In addition,the arsenic exposure dose was the highest in summer.Carcinogenic risk of arsenic exposure through ingestion and dermal contact exceeded the acceptable risk.%砷的季节变化对暴露评估及健康风险评价的准确性具有重要影响.选择内蒙古某饮水型砷中毒病区为研究区,评估不同季节砷的直接摄入量、间接摄入量和皮肤接触吸收量,并评价砷的致癌健康风险.结果表明:(1)研究区男性和女性居民砷的摄入量分别为1.80和1.89μg·kg-1·d-1,明显高于对照区的0.08和0.08μg·kg-1·d-1;研究区男性和女性居民砷的皮肤接触吸收量分别为8.89×10-4和1.10× 10-3 μg·kg-1·d-1,明显高于对照区的4.18×10-5和4.93×10-5 μg·kg-1·d-1.(2)研究区居民的砷摄入量占摄入及皮肤接触途径暴露量之和的99.93％以上,夏季及冬季砷暴露量占全年砷暴露量的89.04％以上.(3)研究区男性和女性居民砷的致癌健康风险分别为3.75×10-5和3.67× 10-5 a-1.由研究结果可知,摄入是饮水型砷暴露的主要途径;夏季砷的暴露量最高,冬季次之;研究区居民摄入及皮肤接触途径的砷致癌健康风险均超过可接受风险水平(10-6 a-1).