体温计生产企业场地汞污染特征及健康风险评价

摘要

Mercury (Hg) concentration of soil samples in a thermometer plant was analyzed. Results indicated that the site, which the concentration of mercury in soil was from 0.194 mg∙kg−1 to 5120 mg∙kg−1 (averaging at 249.287 mg∙kg−1), was obviously contaminated by Hg. According to Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (HJ/T 350-2007), 26 soil samples (account 70.3% of the total) exceeded the A Standards; 12 samples (account 32.4%) exceeded the B Standards. Health risk assessment for the contaminated site showed that it mainly came from two exposure pathways: oral intake and inhalation, and that the total non-carcinogenic risk (hazard index) ranged from 0.04 to 1042.50, and a median value of soil mercury content was 1.20, and hazard index of 95% confidence upper limit values was 110.30. Thus, it was indicated that the site was obviously polluted by Hg and it presented a serious threat to human health under the specific land use, and have to remedy to acceptable risk levels before reutilization.%选择某体温计生产企业作为研究对象，采集场地土壤样品，分析土壤汞浓度水平，并进行健康风险评价。结果表明，体温计生产对场地土壤汞含量有显著影响，土壤汞浓度变化范围为0.194~5120 mg∙kg−1（平均值为249.287 mg∙kg−1）。以《展览会用地土壤环境质量评价标准》（HJ/T 350-2007）作为评价依据，超A标的样品数为26个，超标率70.3%，超B标土壤样品有12个，超标率为32.4%。健康风险评价结果表明，风险来自于两种暴露途径：经口摄入和呼吸吸入，非致癌综合风险介于0.04~1042.50，其中土壤汞含量中位值对应的危害指数为1.20，95%置信区间上限值所对应的危害指数为110.30。可见，本研究场地的土壤汞污染对特定土地利用方式下的活动人群已经构成了严重的健康威胁，必须在场地再开发利用前采取措施使健康风险降低至可以接受的水平。