汉阳陵帝陵外藏坑保护展示厅遗址区的微环境及气溶胶理化特征

摘要

为评价汉阳陵帝陵外藏坑保护展示厅内文物保存大气环境的历史演变，本研究于2013—2014年度冬夏两季，对展示厅玻璃护围内（遗址区）、外（游客通道）的大气环境进行了监测与采样分析。结果显示，玻璃护围内存在温、湿度的季节性波动；遗址区PM2.5质量浓度的夏季均值为18.4 ± 4.6 μg∙m−3，冬季均值为28.0 ± 18.9 μg∙m−3，遗址区与游客通道的I/O比值为0.62±0.23。仅在室外重度灰霾污染后，遗址区浓度高于游客通道。遗址区内气溶胶偏酸性，冬季酸性强于夏季。PM2.5各化学组成中有机物所占比例最高（42%~51%），二次无机离子（与、之和）夏季占PM2.5的37%，冬季占23%。遗址区内的文物依然面临微环境波动、气溶胶酸性和水溶性组分的物理与化学风化威胁。%To characterize the evolution of air quality inside Display Hall of Burial Pits at the Hanyangling Museum, microclimate conditions and chemical compositions of PM2.5 inside (archaeological site) and outside (visitor passway) the glass enclosure were investigated during the summer and winter in 2013—2014. Obivious seasonal variations of indoor temperature and relative humidity were observed. The summer and winter PM2.5 mass concentration were 18.4 ± 4.6 μg∙m−3 and 28.0 ± 18.9 μg∙m−3 respectively. The PM2.5 mass Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratio between the archaeological site and visitor passway was 0.62 ± 0.23 during the two campaigns. After a heavy haze pollution, the I/O ratio was larger than 1. The acidities of PM2.5 particles were higher in winter than those in summer. Organic materials predominated in PM2.5 samples (42% ~ 51%). Secondary water solube ions, including , , and were abundant in indoor PM2.5 samples, accounting for 37% in summer and 23% in winter. Compared with 2007—2008 sampling campaign, objects inside glass enclosure were still facing with the potential hazards from microclimate lfuctuations, physical and chemical weathering from indoor aerosols.