羊毛表面的鳞片层由于疏水性强,是羊毛上染的初始壁障,羊毛内部皮质层的规整堆砌结构也影响染料在羊毛内部的渗透与扩散.采用扫描电镜和X-射线衍射技术分别观察和测试了超声波作用下羊毛表面形态以及内部结晶度的变化.结果发现,经超声波处理后,羊毛表面鳞片被刻蚀,边缘破损；羊毛表面有无定形物碎片沉积以及波纹状条痕；鳞片倾角增大,鳞片交叠处有无定形物析出；此外,羊毛结晶度有一定程度下降,可以推测,这些现象和结果有利于初始上染壁障的削弱以及纤维内部透染的改善,从而提高羊毛的染色性能.%The cuticle layer of wool fibers is the initial barrier of wool dyeing due to its strong hydrophobic. The ordered and compact structure in the cortex has a significant influence on the penetration and diffusion of dyes inside the wool fiber. The surface morphology changes of wool fibers treated by ultrasonic water bath is observed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)and the variation of the crystallinity is tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The results show that there are etched spots, cracked edges, deposited small pieces of amorphous materials and rippled appearance emerging on the scale surface of the wool fibers. It can be also found that some scales are lifted and the angles between the over-lapped scales become larger,where some amorphous materials are released. In addition, the crystallinity of tested wool fiber is decreased after ultrasonic treatment. All these results seem to be benefit to the initial dyeing barrier weakened and the penetration and diffusion of dyes inside the wool fiber improved, both of which will finally cause the dyeing performance to be higher.
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