MF/PAN纤维的制备及其力学与阻燃性能

摘要

The MF/PAN fibers were made by wet spinning based on the solution blending of melaminoformaldehyde (MF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution.Optical microscope,rotary viscometer,elementary analyzer and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) were used to ensure the best reaction condition.When melamine and formaldehyde reacting at the molar ratio of 1 ∶ 3 and keeping the solution 16 hours under 60 ℃,the spinning performance of mixed solution is the best.Different MF/PAN fibers were made by changing jet stretch ratio and the boiling water draw ratio.The structures and properties of MF/PAN fiber were investigated and characterized by elementary analyzer(EA),limiting oxygen index(LOI) tester,scanning electron microscope(SEM),thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA) and tensile tester.The results show that when the jet stretch ratio is-50％,and the boiling water draw ratio is 3,the overall performance of MF/PAN fiber achieves a better level,namely the fiber strength is 1.17 cN/dtex,the elongation is 8.8％ and the LOI is 34.2％.%将三聚氰胺甲醛(MF)溶液与聚丙烯腈(PAN)溶液共混,采用湿法纺丝制备MF/PAN纤维.由光学显微镜、旋转黏度仪、元素分析仪、能谱仪(EDS)等测定可知,当MF/PAN混合溶液在60℃下反应时间为16h,三聚氰胺与甲醛摩尔比(M/F)为1∶3时,溶液性能最佳.湿法纺丝时调节喷头拉伸率和沸水拉伸倍数,制得了不同的MF/PAN纤维,并采用红外光谱仪、元素分析仪、极限氧指数(LOI)仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪和纤维强伸度仪对制得的纤维结构和性能进行表征.发现:当喷头拉伸率为-50％、沸水拉伸倍率为3.0时,制得的MF/PAN纤维具有较高的力学性能和优异的阻燃性能,即纤维拉伸断裂强度为1.17 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为8.80％,纤维极限氧指数达34.2％.