工厂兔、散养兔和野兔盲肠菌群多样性及菌群结构分析

摘要

论文旨在分析工厂兔、散养兔和野兔的盲肠菌群多样性及菌群结构.收集工厂兔、散养兔和野兔各6只并采集盲肠内容物,提取盲肠内容物基因组DNA并对16S rDNA的V4-V5区进行HiSeq测序.结果表明:(1)工厂兔盲肠细菌种类数、盲肠菌群丰富度、盲肠菌群多样性指数均显著(P＜0.05)高于散养兔和野兔.(2)工厂兔、散养兔和野兔盲肠菌群结构相互之间差异显著(P＜0.05).(3)工厂兔、散养兔和野兔盲肠菌群的主要菌门为厚壁菌门(工厂兔为71.54％,散养兔为65.37％,野兔为63.25％)、拟杆菌门(工厂兔为23.78％,散养兔为30.8％,野兔为21.21％),野兔的特殊优势菌门为螺旋体门(12.36％).工厂兔、散养兔和野兔盲肠菌群的主要菌科均含瘤胃菌科(工厂兔为39.26％,散养兔为33.33％,野兔为29.16％)、毛螺菌科(工厂兔为23.04％,散养兔为28.47％,野兔为21.54％),散养兔的特殊优势菌科为理研菌科(19.75％),野兔的特殊优势菌科为螺旋体科(12.36％).在属水平上,工厂兔、散养兔和野兔盲肠菌群丰度最高的分别为拟杆菌属(9.45％)、理研菌科-RC9-gut-group(17.68％)、Sphaerochaeta (12.36％).综上,工厂兔、散养兔和野兔盲肠菌群结构差异显著(P＜0.05),但主要菌门均为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门;工厂兔盲肠菌群多样性高于散养兔和野兔.%The aim of this study was to analyze the cecal community diversity and structure in farm rabbits,scatter rabbits and hares.The cecal content were collected from farm rabbits (n=6),scatter rabbits (n=6) and hares (n=6).Total DNA was extracted and the 16S rDNA V4 to V5 of bacteria was sequenced by HiSeq sequencing technology.Results showed that (1) The observed species,the cecal community abundance and community diversity index of farm rabbits were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than that of scatter rabbits and hares.(2) The cecal community structure of them was significantly (P＜0.05) different with each other.(3) The main bacterial phyla in farm rabbits,scatter rabbits and hares were Firmicutes(farm rabbits were 71.54％,scatter rabbits were 65.37％,hares were 63.25％) and Bacteriodetes(farm rabbits were 23.78％,scatter rabbits were 30.8％,hares were 21.21％).The special bacterial phylum in hares was Spirochaetae(12.36％).The main bacterial family in farm rabbits,scatter rabbits and hares were Ruminococcaceae(farm rabbits were 39.26％,scatter rabbits were 33.33％,hares were 29.16％),Lachnospiraceae (farm rabbits were 23.04％,scatter rabbits were 28.47％,hares were 21.54％).The special dominant bacterial family of scatter rabbits was Rikenellaceae(19.75％) and the special dominant bacterial family of hares was Spirochaetaceae(12.36 ％).In the genus level,the highest bacterial in farm rabbits,scatter rabbits and hares were Bacteroides (9.45 ％),Rikenellaceae-RC9-gutgroup (17.68％) and Sphaerochaeta (12.36％),respectively.There was a significant (P＜0.05) difference in the cecal community structure of farm rabbits,scatter rabbits and hares while their dominant bacterial phylum all included Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes,and the cecal community diversity of farm rabbits was significantly higher than that of scatter rabbits and hares.