中西太平洋人工集鱼装置禁渔期措施对中国大陆金枪鱼围网船队鲣产量特征的影响

摘要

为研究中西太平洋人工集鱼装置禁渔期措施对中国大陆金枪鱼围网船队鲣Katsuwonus pelamis产量特征的影响,通过收集2012—2015年中国大陆金枪鱼围网船队在中西太平洋的渔捞日志数据,对漂流人工集鱼装置(FADs)禁渔期和非禁渔期鲣的产量特征进行分析比较.结果表明:2012—2015年鲣产量占总渔获量的比例均超过80%,并没有发生明显波动;鲣渔获产量比例在2015年的非禁渔期出现明显的下降;2012年以后,鲣的平均单船产量和平均网次产量均明显下降,这可能与禁渔期的延长有关;K-S检验结果显示,2012—2015年,禁渔期与非禁渔期鲣的平均单船产量和平均网次产量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);禁渔期结束后第一个月鲣的平均单船产量和平均网次产量均达到或接近全年最高水平.研究表明,中西太平洋海域FADs禁渔期的实施和延长会对中国大陆金枪鱼围网船队捕捞鲣造成一定程度的影响,业界需提高针对自由鱼群的捕捞效率,以适应日益严格的养护管理措施.%The catches of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis were compared in fish aggregation devices (FADs) clo-sure and the non-FADs closure in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean by Chinese tuna purse seine fisheries data from 2012 to 2015 to evaluate the impact of FADs closure measures on catches of skipjack tuna. The results showed that the proportion of skipjack tuna accounting for more than 80% of the total catch by data from Chinese purse seine fleet from 2012 to 2015, without significant fluctuation. There was a dramatic decline in proportion of skip-jack tuna accounting for the total catches during the non-FADs closure in 2015. The decrease both in average catch per vessel and per net of skipjack tuna was observed after 2012, maybe involved in the extension of FADs closure measures. The K-S test revealed that there were significant differences in both the average catch per vessel and per net of skipjack tuna during the FADs closure and the non-FADs closure from 2013 to 2015 (P<0. 05). The maxi-mal monthly average catch per vessel and per net of skipjack tuna were found in the first month at the end of the FADs closure. These findings indicated that the implementation and extension of FADs closure measures had impact on skipjack tuna catches to some extent, and that Chinese purse seine fleet needed to improve fishing efficiency for free fish school to facility conservation and management measures.