The birth of modern Chinese theory of novel was closely related to traditional Chinese essay(Essay is one of four types of modern literature, which is also called"article"of"ancient Chinese prose"back ancient times in China). Based on the western novel and the ideas of Chinese-style westernization, modern novel relies on theory of essay and writing. When the imperial examination system was abolished and the popularization of the modern education system, traditional essay experts gradually turned to the modern litterateurs with the modern novel readers arising. Modern essay turned out to be orthodox literature with the establishing of modern novel type, which was getting far away the birth of traditional Chinese essay.%中国现代小说学在初生之际嫁接于中国传统文章学（现代文学四体之一的散文，在古代中国又称“文章”“古文”等，研究古典散文之学称为文章学）。于西洋小说学之上，近代小说的发展立足于“中体西用”思想，小说创作更多依托于文章学理论与作法，随着科举制的废除与现代教育制度的普及，传统文章专家逐渐向现代分体文学家转化，经由现代教育制度培养的现代小说读者也逐渐出现，现代小说终成文学正宗，现代小说文体学开始建立，并逐渐也远离了文章学的胎息。
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