青岛市初中一年级学生强迫症状的发生率与危险因素

摘要

目的:调查青岛市初中生强迫症状的发生率与危险因素. 方法:采用分层随机抽样法抽取青岛市1所重点初中、2所普通初中;每所初中随机抽取初一年级8个班级共1 116名学生进行耶鲁布朗强迫量表(Y-BOCS)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、父母教养方式量表(EMBU)的调查;以Y-BOCS≥16分或<16分将被调查者分为有强迫症状组或无强迫症状组;分析强迫症状发生的危险因素. 结果:共收回有效问卷1 089份(97.6%);其中Y-BOCS≥16分有111人;强迫症状检出率为10.2%;女生检出率(6.1%)明显高于男生(4.1%)(x2=12.9,P<0.05).有强迫症状组ASLEC中生活事件、学习压力、受惩罚、丧失、健康适应及其他得分显著高于无强迫症状组(t=3.72~7.03,P均=0.000);EMBU中父亲情感温暖理解、母亲情感温暖理解得分显著低于无强迫症状组(t=-2.56~-3.21;P<0.01),在父亲惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、拒绝否认及母亲惩罚严厉因子得分显著高于无强迫症状者(t=2.69~4.98;P<0.05或P<0.01).回归分析显示生活事件、学习压力、受惩罚、父亲拒绝否认、性别进入逐步回归方程. 结论:初中生强迫症状的发生率较高;生活事件、学习压力、受惩罚、父母不良教养方式及性别是其危险因素.%Objective:To investigate the incidence and risk factors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among junior middle school students in Qingdao.Method:A stratified random sampling method was adopted to select 1 key junior middle school and 2 common junior middle schools in Qingdao.8 classes of the first grade in each of the three junior middle schools were randomly selected,and a total of 1116 first-year students from those classes were assessed using Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale(Y-BOCS),adolescent life events scale(ASLEC) and Egna Minnen av Barndosnauppforstran(EMBU).The students were classified as obsessive-compulsive symptoms group or non-obsessive-compulsive symptoms group with a criterion of Y-BOCS≥16 or <16.The risk factors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were analyzed.Results:1089 valid questionnaires were returned(efficient rate 97.6%),in which,there were 111 students whose score of Y-BOCS was equal to or higher than 16.The rate of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in all the students was 10.2%,and was statistically significantly higher in girls(6.1%) than in boys(4.1%)(x2=12.9,P<0.05).The scores of life events,learning stress,punishment,loss and healthy adaptation in ASLEC in the obsessive-compulsive symptoms group were statistically significantly higher than those in non-obsessive-compulsive symptoms group(t=3.72~7.03,all P<0.01).The scores of emotional warm and understanding both from father and mother in EMBU in the obsessive-compulsive symptoms group were statistically significantly lower than those in the non-obsessive-compulsive symptoms group(t=-2.56~-3.21,P<0.01).Otherwise,the scores of punishment,stern,excessive interference and rejection denial from father as well as the scores of punishment and stern from mother in the obsessive-compulsive symptoms group were statistically significantly higher than non-obsessive-compulsive symptoms group(t=2.69~4.98,P<0.05 or P<0.01).Regression analysis indicated that life events,learning stress,punishment,father rejection denial and gender entered the stepwise regression equation.Conclusion:The incidence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in junior middle school students in Qingdao is relatively high.The risk factors include life events,learning stress,punishment,unhealthy parental rearing patterns,gender.