Objective: Through the establishment of experimental arthritis model in rabbits to observe the injection of sodium (Sodium hyaluronate, SH) of experimental rabbits after knee articular cartilage and synovial fluid changes of SH on the articular cartilage and synovial fluid of verify the SH on the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee function.Method: 36 healthy adult rabbits, ear vein injection with 1% sodium pentobarbital, The sterilized rabbit skin preparation right knee, take the medial patellar incision, cutting the medial collateral ligament, open the joint cavity, cutting off the fork before and after the ligament and the lateral meniscus, surgery does not damage the articular cartilage surface. Complete hemostasis, suture. The right lower limb extensor bit cast immobilization for 3 weeks. The model replicated after 36 rabbits were randomly divided into control group and the SH treated group, 18 rats in each group. Right knee in the rabbit model of the control group 4 weeks after copying the knee articular injection of saline 0.1ml/kg, SH replicated in the model group 4 weeks after injection of sodium hyaluronate right knee joint cavity of 0.1ml/kg, once a week injection of 5 times. the two groups in the model 5,9,13 weeks after copying randomly selected six rabbits, air embolism death. Right knee joint fluid extraction, open the right knee joint cavity, visual observation of cartilage and synovial fluid changes and record. Take the right femoral condyle cartilage, for pathological observation,and statistical analysis.Results: In the model replication 5 weeks after two cartilage look no significant difference between the cartilage of deep pathological changes and cellular changes in the pathological points showed no significant difference (P>0.05), and synovial fluid changes significantly different, the articular cartilage surface of the pathological points and total score were significantly difference (P<0.05);the two groups in the first 9 weeks,13-week observation comparison of the results,the changes are obvious,points were significantly difference (P<0.05) or (P<0.01). Conclusion:intra-articular injection of SH, the significant improvements in knee joint fluid when the turbid situation, restore the normal viscosity of joint fluid. SH was significantly delayed another knee articular cartilage damage in the process of treatment is good. In this study, the clinical use of SH for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis provide some pathological basis.%目的：通过建立家兔实验性膝关节炎模型，观察注射透明质酸钠（Sodium hyaluronate，SH）后家兔的实验性膝关节炎关节软骨及关节液的变化，探讨SH对关节软骨及关节液的影响，验证SH对膝关节骨性关节炎的治疗作用。方法：成年健康家兔36只，耳缘静脉麻醉，右膝取髌内侧切口，切断内侧副韧带，打开关节腔，切断前后叉韧带及内外侧半月板，术中不损伤关节软骨面，模型复制成功后，随机分成对照组和SH治疗组，每组各18只。对照组于模型复制后第4周进行膝关节腔内注射生理盐水0.1ml/kg，SH治疗组在模型复制后第4周进行右膝关节腔内注射透明质酸钠0.1ml/kg，每周一次，连续注射5次。两组在模型复制后第5、9、13周随机抽取6只家兔处死。抽取右膝关节液，打开右膝关节腔，肉眼观察软骨及关节液变化并记录；取右膝关节股骨髁软骨，进行病理观察。根据实验数进行统计分析。结果：在模型复制后第5周两组关节软骨外观无明显区别，软骨深层病理改变及细胞改变病理积分比较无显著性差（P>0.05），而关节液的改变有明显的区别，关节软骨表层病理积分及总积分比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）；两组在第9周、第13周观察的结果比较中，均有明显的改变，积分比较均有显著性差异（P<0.05）或（P<0.01）。结论：关节腔内注射SH后，明显改善了膝关节炎时关节液的浑浊情况，恢复了关节液的正常粘度；也明显延缓了膝关节炎中关节软骨的破坏进程，治疗效果良好。
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