城市中老年人电子产品使用情况与干眼相关因素的分析

摘要

目的：探讨中老年人电子产品的使用情况及其与干眼的关系，并分析干眼与性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、糖尿病、高血压及眼部手术史等的相关性。方法2014年9月至2015年1月以分层整群抽样方法在武汉市随机抽取3个社区居民，从中选取45～75岁人群，采用眼病问卷调查方式，获取中老年人用眼状况及干眼相关主观症状等资料，并对调查者进行全面的眼科检查（包括视力、屈光度、眼压、眼前节、眼底、泪液分泌试验及眼表仪分析），根据干眼诊断标准判断是否存在干眼，采用相关性分析等方法进行统计学分析。结果本研究连续纳入420名年龄在45～75岁间的社区居民，平均年龄为（52±2．5）岁。其中女性占52．3％。中老年人中每天使用电子产品时间长短与干眼病患病率有关，且与BUT（泪膜破裂时间）呈负相关。干眼患病率在45～75岁不同年龄段中无明显差异。在不同职业中，离退休人员、职员以及专业技术人员干眼患病率均明显高于工人。既往有高血压、糖尿病及眼部手术史者干眼患病率增高，且糖尿病病程长短与BUT呈负相关。结论79．8％的中老年人每天使用电子产品的时间超过1小时，且电子产品的长时间使用会影响眼表稳定性，导致干眼的发生。不良生活习惯及工作环境、糖尿病史、高血压史及眼部手术史等是中老年人干眼发生的高危因素。%Objective To investigate the use of electronic products in middle-aged and old adults; to analyze the effect of gender, age, education, profession and medical history such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and eye surgery on dry eye symptoms.Methods Author collected responses from 420 adults aged between 45 and 75 years.Subjects were randomly selected by using stratified cluster sampling method in 3 community residents in Wuhan during Sep 1, 2014 to Jan 1, 2015.Each subject accepted eye disease questionnaire on get the subjective symptoms that are associated with dry eye and a comprehensive ocular examination ( visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, anterior segment, fundus, Schirmer-I test and ocular surface analysis) .Responses were analyzed according to the diagnostic standard of dry eye for correlations of the symptoms and risk ractors.Results Age range of the subjects was 45 to 75 years, with mean at 52 ± 2.5.Female were 52.3%.Time of using electronic products per day was associated with dry eye prevalence and tear break-up time ( BUT) .There was no significant difference in the prevalence of dry eye between different age groups.The prevalence of dry eye was higher among retired personnel, staff, and technical personnel than workers.Respondents with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and eye surgery were more likely to suffer from dry eye.Duration of diabetes has a negative correlation with BUT.Conclusion Overall, 79.8%of our subjects use? electronic products more than 1 hour per day. Prolonged use of electronic products can affect the stability of ocular surface.Poor living habits and working environment, history of hypertension, diabetes and eye surgery are risks factors for dry eye.