Objective To explore the situation of neurodermatitis in patients with eczema dermatitis in China,and to analyze its correla-tion with age,sex,degree of pruritus,localities and types of skin lesions,allergic history and dry skin history. Methods A total of 6 208 pa-tients with eczema or dermatitis were surveyed in dermatological clinics in 31 hospitals in China. Results 6. 1%(379 / 6028)of patients with ec-zema or dermatitis were neurodermatitis,its morbidity ranking was 6;and its incidence was 6. 4%(203 / 3183). Most of patients with eczema or dermatitis were males,the difference in incidence of neurodermatitis in males(6. 4% ,203 / 3183)compared with that(5. 8% ,176 / 3025)of fe-males was not significant(Chi - square test,P > 0. 05). Their age range was 1 - 85 years with average of 41. 6 ± 15. 7 years old,17 cases(4. 5% ,17 / 379)were under the age of 18,and 362 cases(95. 5% ,362 / 379)were 18 or older. Elder persons were more vulnerable to this disease (Logistic regression,β = 0. 012). The increment in probability of neurodermatitis with increase of age in one year was 1. 2% . Napex(26. 9% ) and lateral neck(20. 6% )were the localities most likely to be happened,and crisum(14. 7% )and axilla(4. 5% )were least to be happened, in comparison with females,males were more likely to happen skin lesions in chest,thigh and hip(Chi - square test,P 0.05）；年龄1~85岁，平均年龄（41.6±15.7）岁，其中18岁以下患者17例（4.5%，17/379），18岁及以上患者362例（95.5%，362/379），年龄越大，越容易患病（logistic 回归，β=0.012），年龄每增加1岁，患神经性皮炎的概率增加1.2%；累及最多的两个皮损部位为项部（26.9%）和颈侧（20.6%），累及最少的两个皮损部位为肛周（14.7%）和腋部（4.5%），男性与女性相比，更容易累及胸部、大腿和臀部（卡方检验，P <0.05）；最常见的皮损类型是苔藓样变（64.4%，244/379），男性与女性相比，更容易出现丘疱疹、斑块（卡方检验，P <0.05）；98.4%（373/379）有痒感，25.6%（97/379）为轻度瘙痒，58.8%（223/379）为中度瘙痒，14.0%（53/379）为严重瘙痒；神经性皮炎患者中13.2%有过敏史，低于非神经性皮炎的湿疹、皮炎患者（21.8%，卡方检验，P <0.001）；神经性皮炎患者9.5%有皮肤干燥史，低于非神经性皮炎的湿疹、皮炎患者（21.6%，卡方检验，P <0.001）。结论我国神经性皮炎在湿疹、皮炎中很常见，患病率无明显性别差异，发病以成人为主，年龄越大，患病风险越高，最多累及项部、颈侧，最常见皮损类型是苔藓样变，瘙痒为最常见的症状，且以中度瘙痒为主，与其它湿疹、皮炎患者相比，较少出现过敏史和皮肤干燥史。
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