彝文文献《祭社神经》的文化人类学解读

摘要

The Book of Sacrificial Rituals is an important ancient Yi scripture and mainly circulates in an area called Supo in the south of Yunnan.Mainly used for the annual primitive religious sacrificial rituals for a holiday called migaha, it is read by the bimo.More than a hero epic comprising legends contained in other Yi epics, it is now considered a holy scripture.It is, in fact, a book of both literary and religious significance.From the cultural anthropological perspective, it concerns rituals of the primitive religion, such as the worship for the dragon totem, the worship for ancestor, the worship for hero, the worship for warrior, the worship for nature, the worship for evil spirits and the worship for ghosts.Of course, descrip-tions about marriage in a transit time between the maternal clan society and paternal clan society as well as the ideas and behavior concerning environment protection and the relation between man and nature can also be found.%滇南彝文文献《祭社神经》主要流传于滇南自称尼苏颇的彝族地区，主要用于一年一度举行的“咪嘎哈”原始宗教节祭活动中。从流传形式看，它是这一地区这一族群比较统一的“咪嘎哈”节祭活动仪式上毕摩唯一念诵的经籍。从流传内容看，它与其他彝族地区流传的彝文文献《支格阿龙》、《举格阿鲁》及口传神话《玛贺妮》、《包头王》神话传说是变体版本，但它不仅仅是英雄史诗、英雄传奇故事，而且已上升到了当地彝族“咪嘎哈”节祭仪式上的祭经，具有文学性和祭经性的双重性特点。从文化人类学的视角看，反映了龙图腾信仰、崇祖信神、英雄崇拜、战神崇拜、自然崇拜、邪神崇拜、鬼怪崇拜等原始宗教文化，也反映了彝族母系氏族社会过渡到父系氏族生社会的婚姻形态以及善待自然、保护生态、人与自然和谐相处的理念和行为。