由于“湄公河治理”是一个自主运作却又开放的组织集合，这种集合不仅仅是主权国、更是各类型组织组成的，因此它的治理直接面临着两个“根本性的难题”，即国际流域治理碎片化与各成员参与合作的约束与激励问题。因此如果单独采取科层制、市场机制或网络机制来协调澜沧江—湄公河治理中的矛盾都可能导致“囚徒困境”。根据西方各国经验并结合各流域国的国情，“澜沧江—湄公河治理”应着力于“整体性安排”，基本包括：完善合作的组织机构及机制、改善中国参与澜沧江—湄公河治理的方式、流域政府的政绩评价、流域生态补偿与政府间平权机制、多中心的混合制治理制度。%Due to that the“collection of the Mekong river governance”is an independent operation and open organization,this set is not only sovereign states,but also that it is composed of various types of tissue,so its governance directly facing the above two“fundamental problems”. Constraint and incentive problems that the international river basin governance fragmentation,and member par-ticipation and cooperation. So if taking individually bureaucracy,market mechanism and network mechanism to coordinate the contradiction of“Lancang-Mekong River Basin”,it could lead to a“prisoner’s dilemma”. According to the western experiences and combined with the practice of his-torical culture and the political system of the riparian countries,the Lancang-Mekong River govern-ance should focus on the overall arrangement,which basically includes:improving the cooperation or-ganization and mechanism,improving China’s participation in the Lancang-Mekong river basin,the government performance evaluation,river basin ecological compensation mechanism,the government and intergovernmental equal partnership pressure transmission mechanism,and the multicenter unreg-ular governance system.
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