This paper analyzes the development status of Chinese agricultural product virtual water strategy after her accession to the WTO,makes a quantitative research from the production,consumption and trade,and summarizes the water resources allocation in the structure and development of agricultural products in China.The results show that China consumes large quantity of water in production and consumption of agricultural products,and the implementation of virtual water trade promotes the conservation of water resources to a certain extent from 2002 to 2011;that rice,fruit and corn rank,the top three in water consumption of agricultural production,belong to the water sparse commodity,and their production in China has comparative advantage,however,soybeans and vegetable oil belong to water intensive commodity,their output is less,most of which need importing from abroad,and have high dependence on foreign trade;the virtual water consumption gap between urban and rural residents is gradually narrowing,and the scope of consumption also tends to be more diversified.%本文分析了中国农产品虚拟水战略发展现状，从生产、消费、贸易三方面进行量化研究，概述了水资源在中国农产品中的配置结构及其发展变化情况。研究结果表明，2002—2011年，中国农产品在生产及消费中消耗了大量的水资源，虚拟水贸易的实施在一定程度上促进了水资源的节约；生产耗水量排在前三位的农产品是稻谷、水果和玉米，属于水稀疏商品，其生产在中国具有比较优势，而大豆、植物油等水资源密集商品的生产量较少，大部分需要从国外进口，外贸依赖度较高；城乡居民的虚拟水消费量差距正逐渐缩小，消费范围也更加趋于多样化。
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