农村中学留守儿童的特点及学校教育策略

摘要

留守儿童的概念应该定义为：因为母亲长期外出打工而留在农村生活和就学的未成年人。“留守状态”可以分为“励志型”、“平常型”、“困苦型”和“颓废型”，这四种类型对留守儿童具有极不相同的影响；留守儿童的特征应作为制定教育策略的主要依据之一；应该把“留守状态”当作一种特殊的教育资源加以开发利用，让它在农村中小学教育中发挥独特的作用。加强在学习方法和生活自理方法方面的指导、提高家长学校工作的科学化水平及有计划地为学生创设同伴交流场景等应是留守儿童学校教育的有效策略。%　　Left-behind state can be classified as “aspiration”, “ordinary”, “hardship” and “decadence”, which has different influence on left-behind children. The education strategy should be based on the characteristics of left-behind children, and left-behind state should developed and utilized as a special educational resource, which will plays a unique role in rural school education. The effective strategy of school education of left-behind children includes enhancing the guidance of learning methods and living on their own, improving parents and school work, and establishing companion communication scenes.