从黑人女性文学中母亲身份的变迁看黑人家庭伦理的嬗变

摘要

Because of the unique living experiences, black motherhood has special connotations different from that of the white middle-class nuclear family. Studying the Afro-American women’s literary works published during the period from Harlem Renaissance to the end of 20th century, we can see the black families generally display amazing consistency in the aspect of family ethic:“having women as the head of the family”. The works of Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, Terry McMillan and Tayari Jones show the 100 years of vicissitudes of the black families and the evolutionary connotations of black motherhood. The change from“preservation”,“cultural bearing”to“nurturance”also implies the change in family ethic:“female family head”in material sense has changed to that in spiritual sense.%由于黑人女性独特的生存经历，黑人母亲身份具有不同于白人中产阶级核心家庭中的母性身份的内涵。从“哈莱姆文艺复兴”以来的黑人女性创作中可以看出：在家庭伦理方面，黑人家庭大多呈现出“女人当家长”的一致性。佐拉•尼尔•赫斯顿﹑托妮•莫里森﹑特里•麦克米兰和泰雅里•琼斯的作品再现了黑人家庭历经的百年沧桑，揭示了黑人母亲身份从保存﹑文化传递到养育的变化。这种变化也蕴含了家庭伦理的变迁：精神意义上的女家长正逐渐替代传统的物质意义上的女家长。