高速铁路轨道几何状态的车载摄影快速检测方法与试验

摘要

为实现高速铁路轨道静态几何平顺性的快速检测与准确评估,本文提出基于车载近景摄影采集轨道数字图像以检测轨道线形的方法。采用轨面移动平台搭载数码相机采集连续高分辨率数字影像,以轨道板和轨道面稀疏布设的像控点作为约束条件,使用近景摄影测量空间解析几何模型,平差解算轨道测点三维坐标。仿真计算结果表明：车载近景摄影测量轨道平面坐标的精度为0.2 mm,高程精度为0.3 mm；在杭甬客运专线无砟轨道上的现场试验结果表明,车载摄影沿轨向测量的绝对坐标精度为0.6 mm、垂直于轨向的精度为0.8 mm,沿轨向的相对精度为0.2 mm、垂直于轨向的相对精度为0.7 mm,验证了车载摄影测量方法用于轨道静态几何参数检测的可靠性与高精度潜力。%Geometric regularity and stability of railway tracks are important factors to ensure safety of running vehicles.A new method for measurement of static geometric coordinates of high-speed railway tracks by vehi-cle-borne close-range photogrammetry was presented in this paper.This technique used continuous high resolu-tion digital images of track surfaces acquired by a vehicle-borne camera to determine the geometric parameters of tracks.The self-calibration bundle block adj ustment algorithm was employed to compute the coordinates of track surfaces with control points set on the surfaces of rail as exterior constraints.The simulation results show that the geometric accuracy of the proposed algorithms can reach 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm respectively in horizontal and vertical directions.The results of field tests on the ballastless tracks of the Dedicated Hang-Yong High-speed Passenger Railway Line show as follows:The absolute accuracy of coordinates can reach 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm respectively in the along-track direction and cross-track direction;the relative accuracy of coordinates can reach 0.2 mm and 0.7 mm respectively in the along-track and cross-track directions.Both simulation and field tests verify the reliability and high precision potential of the proposed method.