鼻腔结构异常者有限元数值模型建立及气流场特征分析

摘要

Objective To analyze the airflow characteristics and investigate the relationship of the structure and the function of nasal cavity by the three⁃dimensional reconstruction of nasal airway of patients with structural abnormalities(nasal septum deviation)and healthy people and the estab⁃lishment of finite element model by computer. Methods On the basis of CT imaging of the nasal cavity in patients with structural abnormalities(na⁃sal septum deviation,n=20)and healthy people(n=20),three⁃dimensional reconstruction of nasal airway was conducted by resurfacing finite ele⁃ment subdivision to simulate the characteristics of airflow in nasal cavity. Results The airflow mainly went through the commodious side of the nose in patients with nasal septum deviation and the maximum fluence appeared in the middle part of meatus nasi communis. The airway pressure de⁃creased most significantly in the most flank⁃curvature part of nasal septum deviation,accounting approximately 79.65%of the total pressure. In healthy people,the bilateral airflow was affected by nasal cycle and was mainly characterized by one nasal cavity,and the maximum fluence was ob⁃served in the middle and the inferior part of meatus nasi communis. The airway pressure decreased most significantly in limen nasi,accounting ap⁃proximately 58.78%of the total pressure. Conclusion Numerical modeling of nasal cavity can be used to analyze the relationship between the nasal structural abnormalities and the airflow characteristics,which is a scientific method to analyze the association of nasal structure and function with dis⁃ease and can be used for pre⁃and post⁃operative individual evaluation of operative therapeutic regimen targeting at optimizing airway and altering air⁃flow distribution.%目的：通过对健康人和鼻腔结构异常（鼻中隔偏曲）者鼻腔气道的三维重建，计算机建立有限元数值模型，分析2者鼻腔气道气流场分布特征，进而从生物力学角度探讨鼻腔结构与功能的关系。方法根据鼻中隔偏曲者及健康北方人（各20例）的鼻腔CT薄层扫描结果，应用表面重建有限元剖分的方法对其进行三维重建，数值模拟流经鼻腔气道的气流特征。结果鼻中隔偏曲者双侧鼻腔气流流量分布以气道宽敞侧为主，且最大气流量集中在宽敞侧总鼻道中部；鼻腔气道压强在偏曲最为明显处下降最快，占气道总压强差的79.65%。健康人双侧鼻腔气流量受鼻周期影响，以一侧鼻腔为主，最大气流量分布在总鼻道中部和下部；鼻腔气道压强于鼻阈处下降最快，约占气道总压强差的58.78%。结论用计算机模拟的方法建立鼻腔结构的数值模型，分析其解剖结构异常与气流场特征之间的关系，是一种新的研究鼻腔结构、功能与疾病相关性的可行的科学手段，可以为以优化气流路径、改变气流分布为目的的手术治疗方案及手术前后的个性化评估提供参考。