敦煌西土沟沙漠洪水资源开发利用模式及成效分析

摘要

The historical data of precipitation,runoff,annual maximum peak discharge and total flood volume in the study watershed were collected.The observed hydrological data were also collected at the Xitugou experimental station in Duhuang.In addition,an investigation was made on the historical maximum floods in the channels.The hydraulic theories and methods were adopted to statistically analyze the change of the peak discharge and flood volume.Based on the implementation status of Xitugou Watershed Hazard Comprehensive Treatment Project,the available water resource in the regionwas estimated.The study proposed a new model of developing and utilizing the flood resources in the desert.The results show that the implementation of Xitugou Watershed Hazard Comprehensive Treatment Project has led to some utilization models including the flood resources utilization model of river diversion+flood diversion+project protection,the utilization model concerning groundwater runoff due to flood blocking,water resources recycling model regarding cold water rainbow trout cultivation in the desert together with grape growth.Achievements have also been made in containing the desert spreading in the study area,increasing the available water resources in the watershed concerned,and beneficial cycle of regional ecological management and economic development.%收集研究区域内雨量站历年降水量资料,水文站历年径流系列资料以及历年最大洪峰流量、洪水总量成果资料及西土沟敦煌沙漠水文实验研究站实测水文资料,调查该区域内洪水沟道的历史最大洪水.用水文学原理和方法对洪峰流量和洪水总量变化规律进行统计分析,结合敦煌西土沟流域灾害综合治理工程实施情况估算区域水资源可利用量,提出沙漠洪水资源开发利用新模式.结果表明:西土沟流域洪水灾害综合治理工程的实施探索出导流+分洪+工程防护的洪水资源开发利用模式、拦蓄洪水产生地下径流利用模式和沙漠冷水虹鳟鱼养殖到葡萄种植的区域水资源重复利用模式;有效遏制了研究区内沙漠的进一步推进并可显著增加流域内可利用水资源量,实现了区域生态治理与经济发展的良性循环.