世界上第一个社会主义政党德国社会民主工党首建垂范

摘要

As the world’s first socialist party,the Social Democratic Workers’Party of Germany experienced five stages of tortuous development during its nearly five decades of history. Such tortuous growth for the Social Democratic Workers’Party of Germany was caused both by the mistaken influences of the Lassallism from within and the cruel repression by the imperial dictatorship from without. However,due to continuous long term assistance from Marx and Engels,insistence of Party leadership by Bebel,Liebknecht and others,and extremely hard and lofty struggles by the party members,the German party was eventually able to set a model for parties in other coun-tries in various aspects such as drafting scientific program and democratic charter,perfecting the party organization, combining legal and secret struggles,establishing party journals and party schools,and rectifying intraparty“left”and right erroneous tendencies. The party eventually went political bankruptcy because of the erosion of revisionism and the shroud of Chauvinism. The German Party had rich experience and profound lessons. Its impacts of model setting on world socialist and communist movements should be sufficiently affirmed.%作为世界上第一个社会主义政党，德国社会民主党在头50年中经历了五个发展阶段，经历了曲折的发展道路。德国社会民主党如此曲折成长是因党内深受拉萨尔主义的错误影响，党外又遭到帝国专制政府的残酷迫害。然而德国党因有马克思、恩格斯长期不懈帮助，倍倍尔、李卜克内西等人坚持党的领导和广大党员艰苦卓绝奋斗，终能在制定科学纲领和民主制章程、健全党的组织、进行合法斗争与秘密斗争相结合、主办党的报刊和党校、纠正党内“左”和右的错误倾向等方面，为当时各国党树立典范。党最后因修正主义侵蚀和沙文主义笼罩而在政治上破产。德国党经验丰富、教训深刻，它在世界社会主义、共产主义运动史上首建垂范作用要充分肯定。