目的：：探索老年人下楼梯过程踝关节和膝关节的关节活动度、地面反作用力以及肌肉表面肌电表现。方法：选择10名男性老年人,年龄(68.5±3.8)岁,身高(1.71±0.25)米,体重(70.2±13.5)千克,10名青年人,年龄(22.5±2.7)岁,身高(1.75±0.14)米,体重(65.9±11.3)千克。通过运动生物力学专业设备和软件,采集到老年人下楼梯行走过程的运动学、动力学和表面肌电信号。结果：老年人和青年人的运动学、动力学和表面肌电的曲线图变化趋势趋于一致；踝关节最大背屈角度、踝关节最大跖屈角度、地面反作用力垂直方向第1峰值、地面反作用力垂直方向第2峰值等指标方面,老年人和青年人之间差异具有显著性；在支撑阶段,老年人股外侧肌、腓肠肌外侧肌肉的激活水平都要略高于青年人。结论：老年人与青年人下楼梯过程的动作差异可能归因于肌肉力量的差异,因此,对于老年人来说,发展下肢肌肉力量对下楼梯行走的身体姿势稳定性具有重要的意义。%Objective:To explore the ankle joint and knee joint movement, the ground reaction force and the muscle surface electromyography (EMG) of elderly people during stair descent. Methods:Ten elderly males (68. 5 ± 3. 8 years old, 1. 71 ± 0. 25 meters high, 70. 2 ± 13. 5 kg weight) and ten young people (22. 5 ± 2. 7 years old, 1. 75 ± 0. 14 meters high, 65. 9 ± 11. 3 kg weight) participated in the test. The kinematic, dynamic and surface EMG signals of the walking process of the elderly were collected through the equipment and software specific to sports biomechanics. Results:The kinematic, dynamic and surface EMG curves of both the old and young peo-ple are identical. The maximum ankle flexion angle, the maximum ankle plantar flexion angle, the first peak value of the ground reaction force and the second peak value of the ground reaction force were significantly dif-ferent between the young and the elderly. During the support ting phase, the femoral lateral muscle and the ac-tivation level of gastrocnemius lateralis muscle of the elderly are slightly higher than those of the young. Conclu-sion:The difference in motion performance between the elderly and the young may be attributed to the differ-ence in their muscle strength. Therefore, it is of great importance for the elderly to develop their lower extremity muscle strength to enhance their body stability during stair descent.
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