“State autonomy”is different from “state capacity”,but they are closely linked.The theory of state autonomy which emphasizes on the subj ectivity and transcendence of the logic and interests of state behavior has experienced changes from relative autonomy to latent autonomy to practical autonomy.As the country's ability to carry out its own will,the state capacity can refer to both the basic “potential”owned by the state and the “obvious energy”of a particular field,it emphasizes more on the qualifications and conditions of the state's autonomous behavior.The intrinsic relationship between state autonomy and state capacity is not a simple positive correlation logic.As an explanatory variable that involves varying degrees of difference,basic state capacity is the prerequisite and basis of state autonomy,and state autonomy has a double effect on the strengthening or weakening of state capacity.Both of which are of great value for the analysis of modern state construction.But as the variables that need to be explained accurately,the rele-vance of the two is more supported by the empirical research on the methods of analytic induction and com-parative historical analysis.%“国家自主性”与“国家能力”既相互区别但又紧密联系。国家自主性理论历经从相对自主性到潜在自主性再到实际自主性的发展变化，侧重强调国家行为逻辑与利益的主体性和超然性。作为国家贯彻自身意志的能力，国家能力既可指国家拥有的基本“潜能”，也包括特定领域的“显能”，更强调的是国家自主行为的资格与条件。国家自主性与国家能力的内在关联，不是简单的正相关逻辑。作为都涉及程度差异的解释性变量来说，基础性国家能力是国家自主性的前提与基础，国家自主性对于国家能力有着增强或削弱的双重影响。两者对于分析现代国家建构具有重要价值，但作为需要准确解释的变量，两者的关联性更需以分析归纳法和比较历史分析为主要方法的实证性研究为支撑。
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