1996-2015年长治市婴儿死亡率变化趋势及相关因素分析

摘要

目的：：通过对长治市近20年婴儿死亡率变化趋势及相关因素的分析,提出干预措施,为政府部门制定儿童生存、保护和发展的方针和政策提供科学依据。方法：对长治市1996—2015年婴儿死亡监测资料进行整理、统计,分析婴儿死亡率变化趋势及死亡分布特征。结果：长治市婴儿死亡率从1996年的30.98‰至2015年的4.96‰,20年时间里呈逐年下降趋势,下降幅度为30.99%,年均下降率为9.19%。农村下降幅度快于城市,城乡差别缩小。先天畸形、早产/低体重、新生儿窒息、肺炎和先天性心脏病是长治市婴儿的主要死亡原因。结论：做好孕期保健,提高产科接生技术,减少早产、窒息、先天缺陷儿的出生。加强新生儿科建设,鼓励儿科医生进产房,提高新生儿救治水平以及婴儿健康管理工作,是降低婴儿死亡率的关键。%Obj ective:To analyze the changes of infant mortality rate in recent 20 years in Changzhi City,and to provide the scientific basis for government departments to formulate guidelines and policies for children's survival,protection and development.Methods:The data of infant death surveillance in Changzhi from 1996 to 2015 were collected and analyzed.The trend of death rate and death distribution were analyzed.Results:The infant mortality rate in Changzhi city decreased from 30.98‰ in 1996 to 4.96‰ in 2015,and degree of declining was 30.99% in 20 years,with an average decrease rate of 9.19%.The rate of rural areas decline was faster than urban and the differences between urban and rural were narrow.Congenital malformations,premature/low birth weight,neonatal asphyxia,pneumonia,accidental death and congenital heart disease were maj or causes of death in infants in Changzhi.Conclusion:We should increase pregnancy care,improve obstetric delivery technology,and reduce premature birth,asphyxia,congenital defects in children born.Strengthening neonatology,encouraging pediatricians to enter the delivery room,and improving the level of neonatal care and infant health management,which are the key to reduce infant mortality rate.