To counter the problem of non-renewable dwindling oil resources,the development and utilization of natural biologi-cal material was great significant to replace shortage of alternative resources. In this article, SEM, infrared absorption spectroscopy, XRD and fluorescence spectrum were used to test structure characterization and spectral analyses of winged aphid natural nests (commonly known as stinger nest) material that grow in the Northeast China. The nest was a new type of natural biological paraffin material. Through SEM analyzing, the structure of the new type of paraffin was the hollow filaments. Infrared absorption spectra show that the new type of paraffin was formed by saturated or un-saturated long-chain hydrocarbons, long chain fatty alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Its XRD diffraction pattern matched with standard PDF card PDF#40-1995(paraffin,(CH2)x). Choosing the industrial wax to make a contrast, the main peak position of the raw material (21.694˚,24.063˚) was very close to industrial wax (21.753˚,24.076˚). It could determine that their phase was the same and the stinger nest was a kind of natural biologi-cal wax. Through the emission spectrum and excitation spectrum of raw materials, luminous range was 400nm-460nm, but the luminous intensity was very weak.%针对不可再生石油资源日益减少的问题，开发和利用天然生物材料替代短缺资源具有十分重要的意义。采用SEM、红外吸收光谱、XRD、荧光光谱等测试方法对东北地区生长的有翅蚜虫的自然巢穴（俗称小咬窝）材料进行了结构表征和光谱分析，发现该巢穴是一种新型自然生物石蜡。通过SEM分析确定该新型石蜡的结构为空心丝状物；红外吸收光谱表明该新型石蜡由饱和或不饱和的长链烃、长链脂肪醇、以及带有芳香烃及其衍生物构成；该新型石蜡XRD衍射图与标准PDF卡PDF#40-1995（正链烷烃，（CH2）x）匹配，并选用性质相似的工业蜡的XRD作对比进一步确定其性质，得出小咬窝原材料的主峰位置（21.694˚，24.063˚）和工业蜡的主峰位置（21.753˚，24.076˚）非常接近，可确定物相是相同的，从而确定小咬窝为一种天然生物蜡；对小咬窝原材料的发射光谱和激发光谱分析，获得发光波长范围为400~460nm，但发光强度非常微弱。
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