超声振动对AZ31镁合金拉伸变形过程中材料性能及微观组织影响的研究

摘要

超声振动塑性成形技术能显著降低设备成形力,减少模具与工件间的摩擦,可有效提高制品的表面质量和尺寸精度.通过进行AZ31镁合金退火态棒材常规拉伸和不同激振方式条件下的振动拉伸实验,对比不同实验条件下的变形载荷曲线,拉伸试样断裂方式,显微硬度值,晶粒形状、尺寸的变化,研究超声振动在AZ31镁合金拉伸变形中的作用.结果表明,施加超声振动条件不同,真实应力下降幅度不同,最大降幅为4.76％.沿着试样拉伸方向所取3个点的最大硬度差为HV 10.9.AZ31镁合金的断裂方式、塑性和显微组织也受超声振动幅值和作用时间的影响.超声振动作用下,软化效应和硬化效应同时发生.当振幅为4.6μm,且作用时间较短时,塑性变形以孪晶为主,软化效应占主导地位.当超声能量较高时,孪生被抑制,硬化效应占主导地位.%Ultrasonic vibration can reduce the forming force, decrease the friction in the metal forming process and improve the surface quality of the workpiece effectively. Tensile tests of AZ31 magnesium alloy were carried out. The stress-strain relationship, fracture modes of tensile specimens, microstructure and microhardness under different vibration conditions were analyzed, in order to study the effects of the ultrasonic vibration on microstructure and performance of AZ31 magnesium alloy under tensile deformation. The results showed that the different reductions of the true stress appeared under various ultrasonic vibration conditions, and the maximum decreasing range was 4.76％. The maximum microhardness difference among the 3 nodes selected along the specimen was HV 10.9. The fracture modes, plasticity and microstructure of AZ31 magnesium alloy also were affected by amplitude and action time of the ultrasonic vibration. The softening effect and the hardening effect occurred simultaneously when the ultrasonic vibration was applied. When the ultrasonic amplitude was 4.6 μm with short action time, the plastic deformation was dominated by twins and the softening effect was dominant. However, the twinning could be inhibited and the hardening effect became dominant in the case of high ultrasonic energy.