A modeling tool for simulating three-dimensional land frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic surveys, based on a finite-element discretization of the Helmholtz equation for the electric fields, has been developed. The main difference between our modeling method and those previous works is edge finite-element approach applied to solving the three-dimensional land frequency-domain electromagnetic responses generated by horizontal electric dipole source. Firstly, the edge finite-element equation is formulated through the Galerkin method based on Helmholtz equation of the electric fields. Secondly, in order to check the validity of the modeling code, the numerical results are compared with the analytical solutions for a homogeneous half-space model. Finally, other three models are simulated with three-dimensional electromagnetic responses. The results indicate that the method can be applied for solving three-dimensional electromagnetic responses. The algorithm has been demonstrated, which can be effective to modeling the complex geo-electrical structures. This efficient algorithm will help to study the distribution laws of 3-D land frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic responses and to setup basis for research of three-dimensional inversion.%大规模三维电磁数据的定量解释需要发展高效、稳定的三维正反演算法.正演是反演的前提和基础,本文对正演问题开展深入研究,实现了适用于陆地电磁勘探的频率域可控源电磁三维正演.首先,基于麦克斯韦方程组推导得到关于电场的亥姆霍兹方程,通过伽辽金法建立了基于棱边元的有限元方程.控制方程经过矢量有限元离散化后得到大型、对称、稀疏复线性方程组,为了实现高效求解该线性方程组,选用了不完全Cholesky分解预处理的迭代解法进行求解.其次,通过对均匀半空间模型的矢量有限元模拟计算,数值结果与解析解的对比验证了本文算法的正确性.最后,对电性三维地电模型进行数值模拟,计算的电磁响应均能反应出异常体的存在,进一步说明本文算法能够对频率域可控源电磁三维进行有效模拟.因此,本文矢量有限元算法的成功实现可用于三维电磁响应的分析计算,并有助于研究陆地三维频率域可控源电磁响应的分布规律,同时也能为三维频率域可控源电磁法反演研究奠定基础.
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