心理表征和原型实例的结构性审视

摘要

Rosch未深入论证原型，Lakoff和Taylor则指出原型理解的误区。为探索范畴化认知机制，在区分心理表征和原型实例的基础上，从范畴化视角审视原型心理表征和具体实例间的结构性关系，试图探索抽象范畴如何对具体实例进行心理表征，认知过程中原型实例的表征机制以及心理表征和具体实例的结构映射。结果发现：心理表征是基本层次范畴基础上范畴成员意象的综合，兼具区别于其它范畴的整体性特征或属性；心理表征和原型实例存在一对多的关系；抽象概念也有上位范畴、基本层次范畴和下属范畴之分；心理表征是对具体实例命题性核心以隐喻和转喻方式进行的映射。%Rosch did not discuss prototype in depth, and Lakoff and Taylor pointed out some misunderstandings about prototype. To further investigate mechanism of categorization, based on distinguishing mental representations and prototypical instances, the research examines the structural relationship between them from the perspective of categorization, and tries to explore how to represent specific instances in abstract categories, representing mechanisms and structural mappings in representing process. It turns out that mental representation is the cognitive combination of images of category members on the basis of basic level categorization with holistic distinctive attributes from other categories;one to many relationship exists between mental representation and prototypical instances;abstract concepts are also categorized into three levels:super-ordinate, basic level and subordinate;and the mental representation is the mapping of propositional conceptual core of prototypical instances through metaphor and metonymy.