借鉴人机工程学原理,对隧道施工风险的多指标人机环境系统综合评估进行探讨.在分析人子系统、机子系统和环境子系统各自内涵的基础上,结合相关规范、专家法和隧道实际施工技术,构建开放式的评价指标体系,即指标数目可根据具体隧道增加或减少,确立评估流程—首先考虑学术背景、职称和从事专业时间等因素量化专家自身的权重,根据专家法确定指标层的值,在熵度法计算指标层权重、层次分析法和专家法计算准则层权重的基础上,评估指标层风险、各子系统风险和人机环境系统的综合风险.将该模型应用到某隧道施工风险评价中,根据评估值提出了具体的改善措施,结果表明该模型是合理可行的.%Man-machine engineering theory was applied to comprehensively evaluate tunnel construction risk. Definition of man sub-system, machine sub-system and environment sub-system was discussed separately, and an open assessment factor system was established based on related norms, expert method and tunnel construction technology. The assessment flow chart is as follows. Experts weight was first qualified considering factors such as academic background, professional title and working time. Index layer risk was then determined by expert method, and its factor weight was calculated by entropy measurement. Rule layer weight was determined using expert method and AHP, then risk assessment in different layer was made. From the man-machine-environment view, the model was used to evaluate a tunnel risk. The results show the model is reasonable, and some prevention measures are also proposed according to assessment results.
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