基于车辆−轨道耦合动力学理论，根据车辆−轨道垂向耦合系统的振动传递特性，计算轨道高低不平顺敏感波长的精确值，研究轨道高低不平顺敏感波长的分布特征以及车辆运行速度对敏感波长的影响规律。研究结果表明：基于车辆−轨道垂向耦合系统的振动传递特性，可以得出轨道高低不平顺敏感波长的精确值；轨道高低不平顺敏感波长可以分为2个部分，其中，一部分为波长大于5 m的中、长波段，该波段中敏感波长分布较离散，另一部分为波长小于5 m的短波段，该波段中敏感波长分布较密集；车辆运行速度对敏感频率及敏感波长有较大的影响，随车速的增大敏感频率出现“频移现象”，具体表现为敏感频率随车速的增大而增大；但是敏感波长并不是随车速的增大而单调递增的，而是由敏感频率的“频移”速率与车速增大速率的比值决定的。%Based on the dynamic theory of vehicle-track coupling system, the sensitive wavelengths of vertical track irregularity were calculated exactly making use of the vibrationtransmissibility of the vehicle−track coupling system. The distribution characteristics of the sensitive wavelengths and the influence of train speed on the sensitive wavelengths were analyzed. The results show that the sensitive wavelengths of vertical track irregularity can be acquired accurately by the utilization of the vibration transmissibility of the vehicle-track coupling system. The distribution of the sensitive wavelengths can be divided into two parts by the wavelength of 5 m. In the long-wave band which is longer than 5 m, the distribution of the sensitive wavelengths is dispersed, while in the short-wave band which is within 5 m, the sensitive wavelengths crowd together. The effect of train speed on the sensitive frequencies and the sensitive wavelengths is obvious. With the increase of the train speed, the sensitive frequencies get larger, which causes the phenomenon of frequency shift. However, the sensitive wavelength does not change linearly with the train speed but depends on the ratio of frequency shift speed to the increase rate of train speed.
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