中小学生及其家长对受艾滋病影响儿童态度及影响因素分析

摘要

目的:了解中小学生及其家长对受艾滋病影响儿童的态度,并分析其影响因素.方法:采用分层整群抽样方法的横断面调查研究,抽取小学、初中、高中学生及其家长为研究对象进行问卷调查,调查内容包括学生及其家长的基本情况、艾滋病相关知识及对受艾滋病影响儿童态度,采用t检验和方差分析及多水平模型分析数据.结果:共回收学生及家长有效调查问卷各732份,学生和家长知识知晓率分别为77.56%(95%CI:63.08%～92.05%)和81.76%(95%CI:72.33%～91.20%),正向态度比例最低的态度问题均为隔离受艾滋病影响儿童和不与其同班学习.学生性别(b=-1.15,P=0.016)、学生知识(b=1.26,P＜0.001)及家长态度(b=0.40,P＜0.001)成为学生态度的影响因素,而家长知识(b=0.93,P＜0.001)为家长态度的影响因素.结论:学生和家长中存在一定程度的歧视心理,加强学生及家长艾滋病相关知识教育可促进关爱与支持受艾滋病影响儿童态度的形成.%Objective To describe the attitude of elementary and middle school students and their parents toward children affected by HIV/AIDS and to analyze the determinants of such attitude. Methods A cross-sectional study with the stratified cluster sampling method was conducted to interview elementary and middle school students and their parents, and questionnaires were distributed to collect information about the basic characteristics, HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude toward children affected by HIV/AIDS. Student's t-test, ANOVA and multilevel model were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 732 students and their parents finished the questionnaires.The students' and parents' awareness rates were 77.56％ (95％ CI: 63. 08％ - 92.05％ ) and 81.76％ (95％ CI: 72. 33％ -91.20％ ), respectively. Questions with the lowest proportion of positive attitude included separating the children affected by HIV/AIDS and not studying with those children in the same class. Gender( b = - 1.15, P = 0.016) and knowledge ( b = 1.26, P ＜ 0.001 ) of students, as well as attitude (b = 0.40, P ＜ 0. 001 ) of parents were associated with the students' attitude, while parents' knowledge( b = 0.95, P ＜ 0. 001 ) was associated with parents' attitude. Conclusion Discrimination towards children affected by HIV/AIDS exists among students and their parents. HIV/AIDS knowledge education helps to improve the students' and parents' caring and supporting attitude toward children affected by HIV/AIDS.