油茶皂素杀螺效果研究

摘要

To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spaonin for providing research-based to development of new drugs for the molluscicide, the experiment with saponin was carried out by means of immersion and insufflations, which respectively six concentrations of 1.25,2. 5,5. 0,10. 0,20. 0,40. 0 mg/L(g/m2)in lab and four dosages in the field. The results show that: For exposure 1,2,3 days with the dosage of 2. 5 mg/L by immersion method in lab, the snail corrected mortality rates respectively were 93. 1％,96. 43％,100％. For exposure 3 days with the dosage 2. 5 g/m3 in the field,the snail corrected mortality rates was 91. 84％. The molluscicidal effects of saponin by immersion method and Niclosamide were basically the same. For exposure 1days with the dosage of 10. 0 g/m2 by insufflations method in lab,the snail corrected mortality rates was 100 ％;For exposure 3,7,15 days with the dosage of 40. 0 g/m2 by insufflations method in the field, the snail corrected mortality rates respectively were 65. 68％, 74. 95 ％, 64. 74％;The molluscicidal effects of saponin for exposure 3days with the dosage of 40. 0 g/m2 by insufflations and Niclosamide are different, The molluscicidal effects of saponin for exposure 7 days and 15 days with the dosage of 40. 0 g/m2 by insufflations and Niclosamide were basically the same. In short, the molluscicidal effect of saponin was related to drug dosage and exposure time, showing clearly the dose-effect and time -effect relationship.%为了拓宽油茶综合利用途径,延长产业链,选用油茶枯饼开展灭螺试验,观察油茶皂素杀灭钉螺的试验效果,为灭螺新药的研制提供研究基础.试验采用浸杀和喷杀法,首先将油茶皂素分别配成1.25、2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、40.0 mg/L(g/m2)6个质量浓度进行室内杀灭钉螺的药效试验,然后选取室内灭螺药效较好的4个质量浓度梯度开展现场试验.结果表明:油茶皂素2.5 mg/L室内浸杀1、2、3 d的钉螺校正死亡率分别为93.1%、96.43%和100%,油茶皂素2.5 g/m3现场浸杀3 d的钉螺校正死亡率为91.84%,油茶皂素浸杀钉螺效果与氯硝柳胺相当;油茶皂素10.0 g/m2室内喷杀1 d的钉螺校正死亡率为100%,油茶皂素40.0 g/m2现场喷杀3、7和15 d的钉螺校正死亡率分别为65.68%、74.95%和64.74%,3 d的杀螺效果与氯硝柳胺有差异,7 d和15 d的杀螺效果均与氯硝柳胺相当.总之,油茶皂素的杀螺效果与药物剂量和接触药物时间相关,呈明显的量-效和时-效关系.