深圳湾福田保护区红树林生态系统服务功能价值评估

摘要

对深圳湾福田保护区红树林的生态服务功能价值进行了研究,结果表明:深圳湾福田保护区现有生态系统服务功能年总价值4 894.4万元,深圳湾红树林湿地生态系统单位面积生态功能价值约10.74万元/hm2a,其中红树林价值2 702.4万元,河道价值282万元,淤泥滩涂价值674万元,海域价值1 840万元,基建填土区观光旅游价值260万元,林地价值76万元.深圳湾福田保护区红树林生态系统服务功能价值中,生产生态系统产品等9个分项的总和为2928万元.对环境氮与磷的去除价值、重金属吸附价值、二氧化碳固定和氧气释放价值等在内的生态系统净化功能价值共占14.2%.深圳湾的所有红树林类型中,秋茄+桐花树+白骨壤生态系统类型单价最大值为12.3万/hm2a.深圳市梧桐山森林生态系统服务功能价值为1.076 4～1.148 4万元/hm2a,显著低于本研究红树林生态系统服务功能价值,约占单位面积红树林生态系统的生态价值10%.香港米埔红树林生态系统的生态服务功能价值(13.7万港元/hm2a)高于深圳湾红树林生态系统,约高出21%.改造后的深圳湾生态系统服务功能价值预期可达7 243.48万元.%The evaluation of mangrove forest ecosystem service functons in the Futian mangrove reserve, Shenzhen Bay was carried out. The results shows that the total value of the existing mangrove forest ecosystem service was 48. 944 million Yuan. The value per unit area is about 107 400 Yuan/hm2a; of the total value, mangroves was 27 024 000 Yuan, river's was 2. 82 million Yuan, mud beach's was 6. 74 million Yuan, estuary's was 18. 4 million Yuan, infrastructure and tourism's was 2. 6 million Yuan, and forest is worth 760 000 Yuan. According to Costanza's ecosystem services system, the functions of mangrove forest ecosystem service in the Futian Nature Reserve were divided into 9 items whose total value reached 29. 28 million Yuan. Purification values including the environmental nitrogen and phosphorus removed, the heavy metal adsorption, the carbon dioxide fixation and oxygen release value of the ecosystem, accounted for 14. 2％ in total. Among all these types of mangrove forest ecosystem,produced by the maximum value Kandelia candel +Aegiceras corniculata +Aricennia marina community was 123000 Yuan/hm2a. Annual forest ecosystem services value in Wutongshan, Shenzhen ranged between 1. 0764～1. 1484 Yuan/hm2 , and this accounted for 10％ of the result in our study. The mangrove ecosystems ecosystem service value in Mai Po, Hong Kong was 13.7 million Hong Kong yuan/hm2 a, which was is higher by about 21％ than that of the mangrove ecosystems in Shenzhen Bay. After restoration, the ecosystem service value in Shenzhen Bay is expected to be 72 434 800 Yuan. Shenzhen bay is very important for the coastal city since our results suggests that the orientation of the mangrove wetland ecosystem is to provide essential services as well as and maintain ecological balance and beautifying the coastal environment.