将乐林场栲类次生林物种组成与多样性研究

摘要

By using the survey data of permanent plots in Fujian Jiangle Farm, the species composition and species diversity were investigated, so as to provide certain reference basis for the study of Castanopsis secondary forests. The sample plots’ species diversity values for tree layer, shrub layer and herb layers were studied by selecting Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson’s diversity index, Dominance index, Species richness and Evenness index as the diversity measure indexes, and according to the tree layer species diversity indexes of the sample plots, the Castanopsis secondary forests were clustered and analyzed, thus the sample plot types were divided. The results show as follows:(1) Species composition was rich, there were 76 kinds of species in tree layer, 77 kinds in shrub layer, 22 kinds in herb layer;(2) All diversity index differences about tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer of the sample plots were big, while the evenness and dominance indexes’ differences were not very big, the species distributions were relatively uniform;(3) Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson’s diversity index, Species richness and Evenness index all ranked from big to small as follows:tree layer>shrub layer>herb layer,and the order of the Dominance index was opposite;(4) Castanopsis secondary forests were divided into three types, of them type-I included plot-1, plot-2, and plot-11, type-Ⅱincluded plot-5, plot-6, plot-10, plot-12, plot-13 and plot-14, and type-Ⅲincluded plot-9, plot-17 and plot-18. Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson’s diversity index, Species richness and Evenness index sequenced from big to small as follows:typeⅢ>typeⅡ>typeⅠ, the order of the Dominance index was opposite. Species composition of Castanopsis secondary forests in this area were rich, There was a big difference about species diversity in each layer, and there was similar species diversity in the same type, it shows that the degree of interference was similar.%选用福建将乐林场的栲类次生林固定样地调查数据，研究栲类次生林的树种组成和物种多样性特征，为以后的栲类次生林的研究提供一定的参考依据。采用物种丰富度、香农威娜指数、辛普森多样性指数、优势度和均匀度作为多样性测度指标分析各样地乔木层、灌木层和草本层物种多样性，根据各样地乔木层物种多样性指数进行聚类分析，划分样地类型。（1）物种组成丰富，乔木层树种76种，灌木层树种77种，草本物种22种。（2）各样地的乔木层、灌木层和草本层多样性指数差异都比较大；而各样地均匀度和优势度指数差异不是很大，物种分布相对比较均匀；（3）香浓威纳指数、多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度的数值大小排序为：乔木层＞灌木层＞草本层，优势度指数的大小排序则相反。（4）经分析可将栲树次生林可以划分成三个类型，其中类型Ⅰ包括样地1、2和样地11；类型Ⅱ包括样地5、6、10、12、13和样地14；类型Ⅲ包括样地9、17和样地18。香浓威纳指数、多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度的数值大小排序为类型Ⅲ＞类型Ⅱ＞类型Ⅰ，优势度指数数值排序则相反。该区栲类次生林物种组成丰富，各样地各层次物种多样性存在较大差异，而相同类型的样地具有相似的物种多样性，说明其干扰程度相似。