共生竞争、功能匹配与协调稳定：森林景观斑块耦合网络的形成演化

摘要

Ecological niche and function flow is the theoretic mechanism of coupling network of landscape patches. Landscape ecological niche is the function relationship between the most suitable for their own survival space and time position of landscape and their external environment during competition for a long time and coupling mechanism of patches under limited resources. Function flow is the flow interaction phenomenon of ecological processes among patches and the coupling mechanism between patches. Competition and symbiosis among interactive relationship of landscape ecological niche is forming mechanism of coupling network of landscape patches. Landscape feature matching process reflects evolution process of coupling network of landscape patches because of function flow and ecological niche changes. Landscape system is becoming orderly and optimization by stability ecological niche and function flow osmosis.%生态位与功能流是森林景观斑块耦合网络的理论机制。景观生态位是景观在长期生存竞争中都拥有最适合自身生存的时空位置及其环境间的功能关系，是有限资源环境下斑块的耦合机制。功能流是斑块之间生态过程所发生的交互流动现象，是斑块间相互作用的耦合机制。在景观生态位间互动关系中，共生竞争是斑块耦合网络的形成前提。由于功能流动存在以及功能流动实现生态位变化，景观功能匹配过程体现了斑块耦合网络的演化。对于森林景观的协调稳定，通过景观功能流渗透、生态位结构稳固和功能有序的策略选择，获得景观系统在特定时间、空间、功能和目标下的有序与优化。