亚热带4种典型人工林凋落物持水特性

摘要

The water holding characteristics of litters were studied in four type of plantations of Liquidambar formosana, Cinnamomum camphora, Pinus massonian, and Cinnamomum camphora + Pinus massoniana mixed forest. The results show that (1) the annual amount of litters in four forest types in size order were: C. camphora + P. massoniana (6.090 t/hm2) > Liquidambar L. formosana (5.980 t/hm2) > P. massoniana (5.899 t/hm2) > C. camphora (3.871 t/hm2); (2) The maximum water holding capacity of litters increased with increasing time immersed in water, the order of litter’s total maximum water holding capacity of litters was: C. camphora + P. assoniana (19.15 t/hm2) > Liquidambar formosana(16.20 t/hm2) > C. camphora (15.04 t/hm2) > P. massoniana (13.84 t/hm2), the proportional water holding capacity as a percentage of maximum water holding ratio to the litters dry weight was: C. camphora(516.5%)> C. camphora+ P. massoniana(408.6%) > Liquidambar formosana(314.4%) > P. smassoniana(280.3%), the effective depth of water holding was:C. camphora + P. massoniana (1.48 mm) > Liquidambar formosana (1.29 mm) > C. camphora(1.18 mm) > P. massoniana (1.08 mm); (3)water absorption rates of litters in all plantations radically decreased with increasing time immersed in water within 0.5~6.0 hours, and with a obviously decrease for within 2 hours. The water absorption rates of litters in size order was: C. camphora + P. massoniana >Liquidambar rmosana > C.camphora > P. massoniana; (4) There existed a typical logarithmic power function relationship between total water holding capacity and proportional water holding capacity of litters, and the correlation coefficients were more than 0.9. Therefore, the mixed forest can play a greater role in water resource conservation and water-soil, soil and water conservation. This compound afforestation pattern can be considered in as one of the sustainable forest management mode in the future.%对亚热带地区枫香林、樟树林、马尾松林及樟树+马尾松林这4种典型人工林凋落物持水特性进行研究，结果表明：（1）4种森林类型的凋落物年凋落量大小顺序为：樟树+马尾松林（6.09 t/hm2）＞枫香林（5.98 t/hm2）＞马尾松林（5.89 t/hm2）＞樟树（3.871 t/hm2）。（2）4种森林类型的凋落物持水量随着浸水时间的增加而增加，最大持水量为：樟树+马尾松林（19.15 t/hm2）＞枫香林（16.20 t/hm2）＞樟树林（15.04 t/hm2）＞马尾松林（13.84 t/hm2），最大持水率为樟树林（516.5%）＞樟树+马尾松林（408.6%）＞枫香林（314.4%）＞马尾松林（280.3%），有效持水深为樟树+马尾松林（1.48 mm）＞枫香林（1.29 mm）＞樟树林（1.18 mm）＞马尾松林（1.08 mm）。（3）浸泡时间在0.5～6 h 之间时，特别是在2 h 内，随浸泡时间的增加各林分凋落物的吸水速率急剧下降，吸水速率为樟树+马尾松林＞枫香林＞樟树林＞马尾松林。（4）随着浸水浸泡时间的增加使得凋落物持水量和凋落物持水率呈对数关系增加，凋落物吸水速率与浸水浸泡时间呈幂函数关系，且3种关系中的 R2均大于0.9。由此可见，针阔混交林形式的营林模式，能够更大的发挥森林在涵养水源、水土保持等方面的作用，在今后的森林可持续经营管理中可以考虑。