元江干热河谷牛角瓜种质资源调查及果实性状的多元统计分析

摘要

对元江干热河谷区29个牛角瓜种质资源地点进行实地调查，并对收集的不同种源牛角瓜的18个果实性状进行了相关分析、变异度分析、主成分分析、方差分析、聚类分析。结果表明：该区大量分布的野生牛角瓜种质资源具有丰富的多样性；牛角瓜果实的单果长、单果宽、单果高、单果鲜质量、果壳鲜质量这5个指标相互之间均呈极显著正相关，果实各组分的含水量与单果干质量的相关性高于单果鲜质量，果实长度、果实干质量、种子干质量是影响单果棉干质量与出棉率这2个重要棉纺指标的关键因子；果实性状指标的变异度范围在3.99%～42.84%之间，表明调查区内牛角瓜果实在不同种源之间存在广泛的遗传变异性；筛选出单果长、单果干质量、单果棉干质量、单果含水量、芯含水量、种子含水量、单果种子数、出棉率为牛角瓜的主要果实性状指标；筛选出GJ05、HH01、HH06、GJ02、GJ04、JS03为元江干热河谷区牛角瓜不同种源地点的优良单株，表现为果实品质性状与棉纺经济性状均较高，确定红河、个旧为元江干热河谷区牛角瓜不同地理分布的优良种源。%Twenty-nine germplasm resource sites ofCalotropis gigantea in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley were surveyed in theifeld, and eighteen fruit characters of collected fruits from different provenances were analyzed in multivariables, which including correlation analysis, variation analysis, principal component analysis, variance analysis, and cluster analysis. The results show that the large numbers of germplasm resources of wildC. gigantea in the distribution areas had abundant diversities; There were signiifcantly positive correlations among fruit length, fruit width, fruit height, fruit fresh weight, and shell fresh weight ofCalotropis gigantea; Fruit dry weight had higher correlation with the water content of each fruit component than fruit fresh weight did, and cotton dry mass and cotton yield rate are two important cotton indexes, both of which are signiifcantly influenced by fruit length, fruit dry weight, and seed dry weight; The variation degree range of fruit characters varied from 3.99% to 42.84%, indicated that the extensive genetic variability existed among different germplasm resources ofC.gigantea; Fruit length, fruit dry mass, cotton dry weight, fruit water content, core water content, seed water content, seed number, and cotton yeild rate were selected as the main fruit character indexes ofC.gigantea. In Yuanjiang dry-hot valley, GJ05, HH01, HH06, GJ02, GJ04, JS03 were selected as the superior individual from different germplasm resource sites, which present greater fruit quality traits and cotton economic characters. Honghe County and Gejiu City were selected as the superior provenances ofC. gigantea in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley.